Unit 7 Exam

Front 1

Which sector is not part of services?
A. public
B. private
C. consumer
D. business

Back 1

B. private

Front 2

This depiction of the remains of the city of Ur, an important center of Sumerian culture after c.3000 B.C. in Mesopotamia, represents the formation of what early service?
A. public
B. producer
C. personal
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Back 2

C. personal

Front 3

The drawing of a traditional seventeenth century New England village is a good example of what kind of settlement?
A. circular rural settlements
B. linear rural settlements
C. clustered rural settlements
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Back 3

C. clustered rural settlements

Front 4

This drawing illustrates three different rural settlement patterns. What are the lots called in drawings b and c?
A. linear
B. horizontal
C. long
D. none of the above
E. all of the above

Back 4

C. long

Front 5

Why were rural settlements in Anglo-America and England converted from clustered settlements to dispersed settlements?
A. eliminate the need for more services
B. reduce violence in the clustered settlements
C. improve agricultural production
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Back 5

C. improve agricultural production

Front 6

A market area is a good example of what kind of region?
A. functional
B. formal
C. vernacular
D. nodal

Back 6

D. nodal

Front 7

Which statement regarding hierarchy of settlements is correct?
A. Circles do not effectively utilize all the space allocated.
B. The sides of a square are not equidistant from the center.
C. The geometric proportions of a hexagon best depict a market area.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above

Back 7

D. All of the above.

Front 8

Which of the following services have a small range
A. concerts
B. grocery store
C. university
D. basketball games

Back 8

B. grocery store

Front 9

Which of these two populations would be a rank-size settlement?
A. 1,000,000 and 250,000
B. 1,500,000 and 750,000
C. 2,000,000 and 400,000
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Back 9

B. 1,500,000 and 750,000

Front 10

Which of these two populations would be a primate city settlement?
A. 9,000,000 and 4,400,000
B. 5000,000 and 100,000
C. 10,000,000 and 3,000,000
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Back 10

D. all of the above

Front 11

Using this map and legend, which city listed below is considered a major world city?
A. Tokyo
B. Houston
C. San Francisco
D. Los Angeles

Back 11

D. Los Angeles

Front 12

Using this map, which of these cities is not a regional command and control city?
A. Kansas City
B. St. Louis
C. Denver
D. Chicago
E. Indianapolis

Back 12

E. Indianapolis

Front 13

Using the same map above, which city is a specialized producer-service center?
A. Buffalo
B. Albuquerque
C. Santa Clara Valley, California
D. Las Vegas
E. Newport News

Back 13

C. Santa Clara Valley, California

Front 14

Which activity in the central area is discouraged because of high rents or land shortage?
A. public
B. manufacturing
C. retail
D. personal

Back 14

B. manufacturing

Front 15

The type of service that provides security and protection for citizens and businesses is:
A. Public services.
B. Producer services.
C. Personal services.
D. Consumer services.

Back 15

A. Public services.

Front 16

Which occupation is NOT part of the tertiary sector?
A. education
B. health care
C. construction
D. transportation

Back 16

C. construction

Front 17

A "Kraal" is which type of settlement?
A. clustered urban
B. dispersed rural
C. linear rural
D. clustered rural

Back 17

D. clustered rural

Front 18

Central Place Theory is most frequently diagrammed as a:
A. Triangle.
B. Circle.
C. Square.
D. Hexagon.

Back 18

D. Hexagon.

Front 19

This world class city has the distinction of containing Earth's most expensive urban real estate on average
A. London.
B. New York.
C. Tokyo.
D. Paris

Back 19

C. Tokyo.

Front 20

Which of the following is NOT generally considered an attribute of CBDs in the United States?
A. Residential units are comparatively few.
B. Many retail shops cater to office workers.
C. Buildings tend to be high-rise structures.
D. Major retail centers are not common.

Back 20

A. Residential units are comparatively few.

Front 21

The percentage of urban dwellers is high in more developed countries because
A. rural residents came to the city looking for work.
B. the need for fewer farm workers has pushed people out of rural areas.
C. the increased percentage living in urban areas has produced a corresponding decrease in the percentage living in rural areas.
D. all of the above.
E. none of the above.

Back 21

D. all of the above.

Front 22

The rapid growth of cities in the LDCs is a reversal of the historical trend in Western Europe and North America because
A. this represents a measure of an improved level of development.
B. most of the growth in the urban population results from high natural increases.
C. job opportunities are fueling migration from rural to urban areas.
D. all of the above.
E. none of the above

Back 22

B. most of the growth in the urban population results from high natural increases.

Front 23

Three categories sociologist Louis Wirth used to differentiate between urban and rural areas include
A. high density, social heterogeneity, and large size.
B. high density, crime rate, and large size.
C. large size, social heterogeneity, and crime rate.
D. social networks, large size, and high density.
E. diversity, large size, and poverty rate.

Back 23

A. high density, social heterogeneity, and large size.

Front 24

What behavior distinguishes an urban settlement from a rural one?
A. People work at a faster pace in urban areas.
B. Social groups compete to occupy the same territory, and the stronger group dominates.
C. City work hours are generally 8 to 5, five days a week.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.

Back 24

B. Social groups compete to occupy the same territory, and the stronger group dominates.

Front 25

major reason why differences between urban and rural lifestyles have narrowed is
A. cellular phones.
B. automobiles.
C. telephone.
D. television.
E. all of the above.
F. none of the above.

Back 25

.
E. all of the above.

Front 26

Urban settlements can be physically defined in one of which three ways?
A. education level of population
B. area over 50,000 population
C. continuously built-up area
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Back 26

C. continuously built-up area

Front 27

Which element is not present in a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA
A. a population of at least 50,000
B. the country within which the city is located
C. adjacent counties in which at least 15 percent of the residents work in the central city's county
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Back 27

D. all of the above

Front 28

In order to be considered a Primary MSA, an MSA must meet which criterion?
A. Less than 50 percent of the county's workers commute to jobs outside the county.
B. Within one county, at least 60 percent of the residents must work in nonfarm jobs.
C. It contains at least one county with a population of more than 100,000.
D. all of the above.
E. none of the above

Back 28

E. none of the above.

Front 29

Which model grows outward from a central area in a series of rings?
A. multiple nuclei model
B. concentric zone model
C. sector model
D. von Thunen's model

Back 29

B. concentric zone model

Front 30

Which model develops its best housing along a corridor extending from downtown to the outer edge of the city?
A. concentric
B. multiple nuclei
C. sector
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Back 30

A. concentric

Front 31

Which model states that a city is a complex structure that includes more than one center around which activities revolve?
A. all of the above
B. multiple nuclei
C. none of the above
D. concentric
E. sector

Back 31

B. multiple nuclei

Front 32

What serves as nodes of a multiple nuclei model?
A. neighborhood business centers
B. hospitals
C. universities
D. airports
E. all of the above
F. none of the above

Back 32

E. all of the above

Front 33

Where would the information come from to make effective use of the three models?
A. five-digit zip codes
B. state records
C. nine-digit zip codes
D. census tracts of the census bureau
E. county records

Back 33

D. census tracts of the census bureau

Front 34

A major reason why gentrified inner-city neighborhoods attract middle-class individuals is
A. tax breaks and low-cost loans are available for gentrification.
B. proximity to cultural, recreational, and other entertainment facilities located nearby.
C. housing may be cheaper with more square footage and less upkeep.
D. gentrified areas appeal to alternative lifestyles, singles, and couples without children.
E. all of the above

Back 34

E. all of the above

Front 35

Using this map, what is a prime difference between the United States and the United Kingdom?
A. no public transit in the United States example
B. more sprawl in United States
C. compact zones in United Kingdom
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Back 35

D. all of the above

Front 36

Suburbs are segregated by
A. commercial activity.
B. social class.
C. territory.
D. all of the above.
E. none of the above.

Back 36

D. all of the above.

Front 37

The Sector Model of urban structure recognizes the importance of what primary factor in the development of the city in the United States?
A. industry
B. recreation
C. transportation
D. neighborhoods

Back 37

C. transportation

Front 38

Of the four urban models discussed in the chapter, which was the oldest?
A. Latin American
B. Multiple Nuclei
C. Concentric Zone
D. Sector

Back 38

C. Concentric Zone

Front 39

The controversial process of middle-class people buying and renovating inner-city housing is called
A. transition.
B. gentrification.
C. consolidation.
D. suburbanization

Back 39

B. gentrification.

Front 40

Unlike cities in the United States, poor people in Latin American cities tend to live:
A. in the suburbs.
B. in the CBD.
C. in the Zone of Transition.
D. along the major transportation corridor to the center city.

Back 40

A. in the suburbs.

Front 41

A clustering of tall office buildings, shopping malls, and apartment complexes at the intersection of major interstate highways is called
A. edge cities.
B. suburban densification.
C. suburban sprawl.
D. the zone in transition.
E. urban interface zones.

Back 41

C. suburban sprawl.

Front 42

The transition of a low-income neighborhood to a wealthier neighborhood over time is an example of
A) blockbusting.
B) redlining.
C) gentrification.
D) smart growth.
E) urban renewal.

Back 42

C) gentrification.

Front 43

The gravity model when applied to urbanization reveals that
A) the two largest cities in a country will have the most interaction between them.
B) the two closest cities will have the most interaction between them.
C) the two cities with the most in common will have the most interaction between them.
D) the two cities with the most branch offices will have the most interaction between them.
E) the two cities with the most cultural connections will have the most interaction between them.

Back 43

B) the two closest cities will have the most interaction between them.

Front 44

A city grows outward from a central location in a series of rings in the
A) Sector Model.
B) Multiple Nuclei Model.
C) Hoyt Model.
D) von Thunen Model.
E) Concentric Zone Model.

Back 44

E) Concentric Zone Model.

Front 45

According to the Burgess model, the housing stock is most deteriorated and a sizable percent of residents are immigrants in the
A) zone of better residents.
B) Central Business District (CBD).
C) zone of transition.
D) zone of independent workers.
E) zone of urban renewal

Back 45

C) zone of transition.

Front 46

According to the Burgess Model of Urban Development, the outer most ring is the
A) extensive agriculture.
B) extensive commercial agriculture.
C) the zone of better residences.
D) the zone of transition.
E) the commuter zone.

Back 46

E) the commuter zone.

Front 47

In Hoyt’s Sector Model lower income neighborhoods are usually located
A) in a wedge that extends from the Central Business District (CBD) to the suburbs.
B) on the east side of the city.
C) adjacent to the industrial and transportation corridor.
D) north of the Central Business District (CBD).
E) in the first ring around the Central Business District (CBD).

Back 47

C) adjacent to the industrial and transportation corridor.

Front 48

What did Hoyt’s research uncover regarding the highest social class district in a city?
A) High-class neighborhoods were susceptible to ghettoization.
B) High-class residential areas don’t change much over time.
C) High-class residential areas went through a process of decline and deterioration.
D) Gentrification improved the property values of the high-class residential sector.
E) High-class residential sector migrated towards the west.

Back 48

B) High-class residential areas don’t change much over time.

Front 49

Large cities develop many nodes around which different types of people and activities cluster. This describes the
A) Peripheral Model.
B) Multiple Nuclei Model.
C) Latin American Model.
D) Sector Model.
E) Concentric Zone Model.

Back 49

B) Multiple Nuclei Model.

Front 50

In Chauncy Harris and Edward Ulman’s Multiple Nuclei Model which of the following are nodes of activities?
A) University centers.
B) Hospital centers.
C) Airport and transportation centers.
D) Central business district.
E) All of the above.

Back 50

E) All of the above.

Front 51

The major distinction between the multi nuclei and the peripheral model is that
A) the peripheral model was designed by Chauncey Harris.
B) the peripheral model highlights the problems of sprawl and segregation.
C) the peripheral model adds a beltway that circumnavigates the urban area.
D) the peripheral model incorporates edge cites.
E) all of the above.

Back 51

E) all of the above.

Front 52

The major advantage of the peripheral model over other urban models is the fact that it
A) highlights the problems of sprawl and segregation.
B) explains why inner city neighborhoods decline.
C) explains why low-income housing is adjacent to industrial sectors.
D) explains the importance of multiple centers of activity in an urban area.
E) explains why the high income district extends from the CBD to the periphery.

Back 52

A) highlights the problems of sprawl and segregation.

Front 53

The elite residential section in the Latin American Model is located
) along the outside where there is less crime.
B) on either side of the main boulevard that leads to the Central Business District (CBD).
C) in a ring around the Central Business District (CBD).
D) in the western suburbs.
E) in gated communities on either side of the Central Business District (CBD).

Back 53

B) on either side of the main boulevard that leads to the Central Business District (CBD).

Front 54

What type of land use dominates on the periphery of the Latin American Model?
A) Squatter settlements.
B) Industrial activity.
C) Elite residential.
D) Commercial.
E) Middle class residential.

Back 54

A) Squatter settlements.

Front 55

Urban sprawl is responsible for
A) loss of biodiversity.
B) loss of open space.
C) increasing vehicle miles driven.
D) increasing auto emissions.
E) all of the above

Back 55

E) all of the above

Front 56

Social Area Analysis analyzes demographic characteristics at the
A) metropolitan area scale.
B) within a municipality.
C) census tract or block level.
D) zipcode scale.
E) in different concentric zones

Back 56

C) census tract or block level.

Front 57

According to the bid-rent curve, land decreases in value as one gets farther from the CBD. What accounts for major spikes in land values along the bid-rent curve
A) Areas with less crime are more valuable.
B) Industry relocating to suburbia has altered land values.
C) Intersections of major roads far from the Central Business District (CBD) can dramatically increase land values.
D) Green space in the suburbs increases land values.
E) Brown fields in the inner city depress land value.

Back 57

C) Intersections of major roads far from the Central Business District (CBD) can dramatically increase land values.

Front 58

Housing developers primarily purchase land for new projects that is not adjacent to the continuously built up urban area, because
A) the land is more accessible to interstate highways.
B) the land provides better scenic views for potential residents.
C) the developer has more control over how to design the community.
D) the land is less expensive.
E) all of the above.

Back 58

D) the land is less expensive.

Front 59

Since London, England is a primate city, planners attempted to slow down the growth of greater London by
A) creating an urban growth boundary commission.
B) creating a greenbelt around the city.
C) increasing taxes and fees to discourage new suburban development.
D) creating edge cities.
E) providing incentives for people to live in inner city neighborhoods

Back 59

B) creating a greenbelt around the city.

Front 60

The recent trend of metropolitan residents moving to rural areas and small towns is referred to as
A) out-migration.
B) counterurbanization.
C) push factors.
D) interregional migration.
E) none of the above

Back 60

B) counterurbanization.

Front 61

According to the classic bid-rent curve, what happens to the value of land as one gets closer to the Central Business District (CBD)?
A) Land gets more affordable along busy streets.
B) Land gets more affordable in distressed neighborhoods.
C) Land gets used more extensively.
D) Land gets used less intensively.
E) Land gets more expensive

Back 61

E) Land gets more expensive

Front 62

Geographically, cities in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Europe both have
A) industry located near the Central Business District (CBD).
B) large areas with substandard housing exist in both areas.
C) the poor living along the outskirts of the city.
D) job training programs for unskilled workers that are under-funded.
E) all of the above.

Back 62

C) the poor living along the outskirts of the city.

Front 63

What geographic advantages do mass transit systems such as subways and light rail have over automobiles?
A) They use less land area in congested urban areas.
B) They provide transportation for those who do not drive.
C) They reduce air pollution in urban areas.
D) They concentrate development along fixed routes and stops.
E) All of the above.

Back 63

A) They use less land area in congested urban areas.

Front 64

Even though land use in North American Central Business Districts (CBDs) is characterized by skyscrapers and high-density uses, a sizable percentage of land is still devoted to
A) recreation.
B) arts and entertainment.
C) museums.
D) industry.
E) automobiles

Back 64

E) automobiles

Front 65

When inner city neighborhood property values decline, owners of large older homes often subdivide the home into multiple units. This process is known as
A) filtering.
B) gentrification.
C) redlining.
D) blockbusting.
E) urban renewal

Back 65

A) filtering.

Front 66

Various cities in North America have used all of the following strategies to revitalize their central business districts except
A) by creating pedestrian malls downtown, such as Denver, Colorado, and Eugene, Oregon.
B) by building major urban renewal projects.
C) by building major sports facilities, such as Camden Yards in Baltimore and Coors Field in Denver.
D) by building business parks.
E) by turning vacant industrial buildings and warehouses into residential lofts.

Back 66

D) by building business parks.

Front 67

How have industrially-based cities in the Northeastern United States attempted to combat the loss of jobs from the relocation of industries to suburbs and to Least Developed Countries (LDCs)?
A) Invest heavily in community outreach programs.
B) Develop health, research, and personal service sectors.
C) Develop tourism.
D) Invest in vocational training.
E) Rely on immigrant labor for business growth

Back 67

B) Develop health, research, and personal service sectors.

Front 68

Geographically, cities expanded outwards prior to the automobile by growing
) more densely.
B) uniformly in all directions.
C) along transportation lines.
D) only to their legal boundaries.
E) in the wealthy sector from the Central Business District (CBD) to the periphery

Back 68

C) along transportation lines.

Front 69

Which urban model best explains the spatial impact of automobiles and the construction of interstate highways on metropolitan areas in the United States?
A) Concentric Zone Model.
B) Peripheral Model.
C) Hoyt’s Sector Model.
D) Multi Nuclei Model.
E) Lifestyle Model.

Back 69

B) Peripheral Model.

Front 70

The United States Census Bureau establishes Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs)
A) to determine the geographical extent of influence for an urban area.
B) to legally define the boundaries of an urban area.
C) to help marketing firms gather demographic data.
D) to help establish urban growth boundaries.
E) all of the above.

Back 70

A) to determine the geographical extent of influence for an urban area.

Front 71

All of the following are typical site and/or situational characteristics for the establishment of a settlement except
A) the high point overlooking a river or plain.
B) the middle of a plain.
C) at the confluence of two rivers.
D) the mouth of a river.
E) on the shores of a natural harbor.

Back 71

B) the middle of a plain.

Front 72

Choose the proper hierarchy of city types in the United States
A) World city, specialized producer service center, command and control center, dependent center.
B) Command and control center, specialized producer service center, dependent center, world city.
C) World city, command and control center, specialized producer service center, dependent center.
D) World city, dependent center, specialized producer service center, command and control center.
E) Specialized producer service center, world city, command and control center, dependent center.

Back 72

A) World city, specialized producer service center, command and control center, dependent center.

Front 73

The following are major challenges confronting mega cities in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) except
A) high crime rates.
B. increasing poverty rates.
C) lack of adequate sanitation facilities.
D) lack of adequate housing.
E) lack of recreation facilities for inner city youth

Back 73

E) lack of recreation facilities for inner city youth

Front 74

Favelas are to Brazil as ________ are to Mexico
A) squatter settlements
B) barrios
C) bidonvilles
D) barung-barong
E) slums

Back 74

B) barrios

Front 75

What factor(s) have contributed to the rapid urbanization in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) since 1950?
A) Cities provide opportunity for displaced rural residents.
B) Explosive population growth has made it difficult for subsistence farmers to support their families.
C) Cultural amenities attract large number of young urban professionals.
D) All of the above.
E) A and B only.

Back 75

E) A and B only.