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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Three pulmonary systems
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Air conduction; passage of inhaled/exhaled air
Respiratory; gas exchange between air and blood Mechanical ventilation; rib cage/muscles, diaphragm, elastic connective tissue within lung parenchyma |
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Conducting airways and alveolar units
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Conducting airways and alveolar units
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Nasal Concha; extensive vascular network: venous sinuses,
atriovenous anastomoses & capillaries |
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respiraotry mucosa lining the nasal cavity; respiratory epithelium conains pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with high density of goblet cells. Basal cells represent a stem cell compartment
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Epiglottis; Epiglottis is unpaired ‘leaf-like’ structure below root of tongue that covers entrance to larynx.
Core of elastic cartilage that attaches to hyoid bone. Lingual surface covered with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is continuous with dorsal surface of tongue. |
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Vocal cords; two sets of paired folds, false and true
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Arrangement of the epiglottis, false and true vocal cords
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Trachea; fibrolastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage;
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Trachea Epithelium
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Primary Bronchus; similar to trachea but with shorter epithelium, fewer goblet cells, cartilage like flattened plates instead of rings
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Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Trachea w/ cartilage rings Bronchus w cartilage plates Brnchiole complete rings of smooth muscle |
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Tertiary bronchus; respiratory epithelium is columnar
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Cystic Fibrosis
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Retention of Cl, pulls Na and thus water out of mucus making it thick
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Respiratory lobule and respiratory acinus
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The pulmonary lobule consists of a terminal
bronchiole & associated respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli sacs and alveoli. Physiologists refer to a pulmonary ‘acinus’ consisting of all respiratory parenchyma served by a respiratory bronchiole branched from the terminal bronchiole; thus an ‘acinus’ is a subcomponent of a ‘lobule’. |
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Terminal bronchioles; lined by simple columnar/cuboidal epithelium
secretory Clara cells replace goblet cells |
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Emphysema
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Results from destructoin of respiratory parenchyma epithelia
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What are clara cells unique to?
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Bronchioles; extensive SER for detoxification
Clara cells secrete surfactant proteins, proteolytic enzymes and lysozyme; can differentiate into ciliated and nonciliated bronchial epithelial cells |
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Alveoli; terminal portion of respiratory tree
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Pulmonary arteries/branches distribute segmentally with bronchi
Pulmonary veins and their tributaries drain intersegmentally Capillaries branch to form basket like arrangement around alveolus |
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Pneumocyte Type II; surfactant cell
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Alveolar macrophage (dust cell); ingests dust/foreign particles taht enter alveolar space; high phagocytic activity; ciliate mediate movement up bronchial tree
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Function of surfactant?
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Lower the surface tension at the alveolar surface so they can expand; synthesized by type II pneumocytes
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Surfactant Deficiency
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Can result in collapse of lung due to large surface tension; resulting lack of 02 further impairs surfactant synthesis
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Nasal Vestibule
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Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; hyaline cartilage rings
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Epiglottis; stratified squamous nonkeritanized epithelium; central core of elastic cartilage;
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Lung; carbon filled alveolar macrophages (smokers lung)
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