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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Charge of Atomic Particles
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Electron: -1
Proton: +1 Neutron: 0 |
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Atomic Number (3 details) = Z
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-The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
-The number of protons defines an element (change in proton number makes a new element) -Atomic Number = Number of Electrons in neutral atom |
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Mass Number = A
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The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom (if not given, it equals the atomic mass)
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Isotope
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Variations of atoms/elements with the same number of protons but different neutrons
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Isotope Symbol and Symbolic Notation
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1.
Mass # over Atomic # -> Element 2. X-Mass # |
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Different # of Neutrons...
Different # of Protons... Different # of Electrons... |
... diff. # of neutrons - Isotope
... diff. # of protons - Element ... diff. # of electrons - Ion |
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Atom
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The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
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AMU
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-amu - Atomic Mass Unit
-based on C-12 -1 amu is 1/12 the mass of C-12 |
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Atomic Mass
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The weighted average mass of the isotopes of that element
Ex. 75% Cl-35 25% Cl-37 (.75)(35)+(.25)(37)= 35.543 amu |
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Nucleons
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The particles found in the nucleus of an atom, protons and neutrons
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Radioactive (3 details)
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-Nucleus which spontaneously decomposes forming a new nucleus and producing one or more particles
-An atom of one element changing into the atom of another element -Atoms that are unstable become stable by losing energy in the form of radiation |
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Nuclear Equation
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Equation that shows the radioactive decomposition of an element
Ex. C-14 -> N-14 + e-0 |
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Alpha Radiation - 4/2He
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-Helium nucleus
-2 protons and 2 neutrons -Charge of +2 -Symbol α -Deflected towards negatively charged plate -Blocked by paper |
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Beta Radiation - 0/-1e
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-Charge of -1
-Deflected towards a positively charged plate -Blocked by foil -Symbol β |
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Gamma Radiation
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-No mass
-High energy photon -No charge -Blocked by concrete, lead and water -Symbol γ |
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Nuclear Fission
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Splitting of atoms into fragments, releases lots of energy, chain reaction occurs, produces radioactive waste and used to produce power in nuclear reactors
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Nuclear Fusion
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Combining of nuclei, releases lots of energy, not radioactive and takes place in the Sun
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Half-Life
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Time required for half of the original sample of radioactive nuclides to decay
Ex. 100 g of substance w/ 5 year half-life 0 days - 100 g left 5 days - 50 g left 10 days - 25 g left 15 days - 12.5 g left |
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John Dalton
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1803, proposed Atomic Theory based on atoms of elements having different weights
6 main points: -All matter has atoms -Atoms can not be made or destroyed -All atoms of same element are identical -Diff. elements = Diff. atoms -Chem. reactions occur when atoms are rearranged -Compounds formed from atoms that make up elements |
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JJ Thomson
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-1897, discovered the electron through electric discharge experiments
-Atom is sphere of positive matter -1913, discovered isotope |
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Ernest Rutherford
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-1911, theory of central positive nucleus surrounded by negative orbiting electrons
-Most of atom mass in nucleus -"Gold foil experiment" |
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James Chadwick
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-1932, discovered the neutron
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Speed of Light Formula
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Speed of light = Wvlngth * Freq
3*10^8 = lambda (y) * nu (v) |