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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Carrying Capacity:

The amount of people


an area can support.



Example: The carrying capacity of small islands is small, therefore it needs to import resources in order to apply its inhabitants.

Demographic Equation:

Births - (deaths + emigration). It’s used to predict the amount of people that will be born.



Example : 100 - (10-15)

Demographic Momentum:

When a population starts to grow, then grows exponentially (Snowball Effect)


Example: 500 People, 520 People, 540 People, etc.

Demographic Transition Model:

Consists of 5 stages: High Stationary, Early Expanding, Low Expanding, Low Stationary, and finally Declining?


Example: America is in stage four because there is a low death and birth rate.

Dependency Ratio:

Number of people who are dependent on others compared to those in their working years.


Example: Iraq’s dependency ratio is high because of the number of young people in it.

Diffusion of fertility control:

The diffusion of fertility control is spread throughout the world.


Example: In the U.S it’s below 2.1 in much of Africa it is above 4, if South America is between 2 and 3, in Europe it is below 2.1, in China and Russia it is below 2.1, and in much of the Middle.

Doubling Time:

The nuber of years needed to double a population, assuming there is a constant rate of natural increase.


Example: Iraq only needs 15 years to double its population

Ecumene:

The portion of the earths surface occupied by permanent human settlement.


Example: Almost everywhere except in some deserts and the ocean.

Epidemiological Transition Model:

A model that focuses on distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.


Example: The Black Death (a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s) was stage 1 of the epidemiological transition.

Infant Mortality Rate:

Yearly number of deaths of children under the age of one to total live births.


Example: The IMR is low in Canada because of their healthcare.

J-Curve:

A term used to describe the curve a stage 2 country makes. (demographically)


Example: Iraq has a J-Curve because it is in stage 2.

Malthus,Thomas

An english economist who was one of the first to argue that the worlds rate of popoulation increase was far surpassing then the development of food supplies.


Example: People in LDC are running out of food.

Mortality

The frequency of death in a given population.

Natality

The ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area, it is expressed as number of birth in year to every 1000 people alive in the society.

Neo-Malthusian

People who, for the most part, agree with Malthus's theory, but have solutions for the problem.




Example: Someone who studies overpopulation and comes up with a solution for it.

Overpopulation

When the number of people exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.




Example: Number of people = more than what available resources can support.

Population Density

The number of people who live in a defined land area (usually square miles or square kilometers)

Population Explosion

The rapid growth of the worlds human population during the past century, attended by even-shorter doubling times and rates of increase.

Population Projection

The estimated population in a certain time in the future.

Population Pyramid

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

Rate of natural increase

Difference of CDR and CBR in a given country in a year.

S-Curve

The curve that defines how rate at which technology is advancing.

Sex Ratio

Number of males per every 100 females in a population.

Sustainability

How well a country can supply its residents with the proper needs.

Underpopulation

It is the opposition to overpopulation and refers to a sharp drop or decrease in a region's population.

Zero Population Growth

Decline in TFR (Total Fertility Rate) to the point where the natural increase rate is 0.




Example: NIR (Natural Increase Rate) = 0. (Or close to 0)

Chain Migration

The social process by which immigrants from a particular town follow one another to a different city.

Cyclic Movement

Movement that has a closed route repeated annually or seasonally.

Forced Migration

The coerced movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region.

Gravity Model

The interaction between two places can be determined by the product of the population of both places, divided by the square of their distance from one another.

Internal Migration

Human movement involving movement across international boundaries.

Intervening Opportunity

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that helps migration.

Intercontinental (Migration Pattern)

Permanent movement from one continent to another.

Interregional (Migration Pattern)

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.

Rural-Urban (Migration Pattern)

The movement of people (typically farmers) from rural settlements to urban centers in search of jobs.

Periodic Movement

A form of migration that involves intermittent but recurrent movement.

Place Utility

A measure of an individual's perceived satisfaction or approval of a place in its social, economic, or environmental attributes.

Push-Pull Factors

Push factors induce people to move out (negative).


Pull factors induce people to move in (positive).

Raven stein, Ernst

A theory highlighting the inverse relationship between the distance and volume of migration between a source and destination.

Refugee

People bein forced to leave their traditional lands due to persecution or material hardship within their society.

Step Migration

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city.

Transhumance

The seasonal movement of livestock (herding) between mountains and lowland pastures.

Transmigration

Movement that consists of one person migrating from one place to another.

Voluntary

Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity; not forced.