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52 Cards in this Set
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- Back
GUIDELINES for ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS
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Standard Precaution
Contact Precaution Droplet Precaution Airborne Precaution |
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Airborne Precautions
-airborne droplet nuclei -dust particles |
for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei.
Room preference: PRIVATE w/ negative pressure, at least 6-12 exchanges/hr to filter out the air. MASK on when you enter the room, shut the door, and take it off once you are OUTSIDE of the room. Door remains closed at all times. Wear N95 Respirator upon entering room. (mask/hepta mask/respirator) |
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Droplet Precautions
-coughing -sneezing -talking -certain procedures (suctioning, bronchoscopy) |
Clinical situation:
Upper Respiratory Infections; including unknown infections prior to organism identification confirmed or suspected such as influenza, bacterial meningitis Room preference: PRIVATE wear MASK within 3 feet of patient. Door may remain open. |
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Standard Precaution
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Clinical situation: All patient
Room preference: Semi-private/PRIVATE wear GLOVES/GOWNS: Contact with blood, body fluids, or other potentially contaminated material (OPIM) wear MASKS: Contact with blood, body fluids, or potential sprays of respiratory secretions |
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Contact Precautions
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for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses easily transmitted by direct patient contact or by contact with items in the patient's environment.
Room preference: PRIVATE GLOVES/GOWN. door may remain open. |
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My - Measles
Chicken - Chicken Pox/Varicella Hez - Herpez Zoster/Shingles TB ----------------------------------------- or remember... MTV=Airborne Measles TB Varicella-Chicken Pox/Herpes Zoster-Shingles SARS |
Airborne
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think of SPIDERMAN!
S - sepsis S - scarlet fever S - streptococcal pharyngitis P - parvovirus B19 P - pneumonia P - pertussis I - influenza (invasive) D - diptheria (pharyngeal) E - epiglottitis R - rubella M - mumps M - meningitis M - mycoplasma or meningeal pneumonia An - Adenovirus |
Droplet
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MRS.WEE
M - multidrug resistant organism R - respiratory infection S - skin infections * W - wound infxn E - enteric infxn - clostridium difficile E - eye infxn - conjunctivitis (viral/hgeic) |
Contact
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Skin Infections:
V - Varicella zoster C - Cutaneous diptheria H - Herpes simplex I - Impetigo P - Pediculosis S - Scabies, Staphylococcus furunculosis diptheria (cutaneous) zoster (disseminated) |
Standard with Contact Precautions
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Blastomycosis
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Standard Precaution
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CMV Cytomegalovirus
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Standard Precaution
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Hepatitis B, C, D, E, & G
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Standard Precaution
*except for diapered/incontinent patients and Hepa A. |
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Histoplasmosis
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Standard Precaution
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AIDS
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Standard Precaution
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HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Standard Precaution
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HSV – Herpes Simplex Virus
(Encephalitis, oral, skin & genitals) |
Standard Precaution
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Herpes Zoster (Shingles) - Localized
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Standard Precaution
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Herpes Zoster (Shingles) - Disseminated Disease
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Airborne
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Chickenpox (Varicella)
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Standard / Airborne / Contact Precautions
*No mask if immune to Varicella *Limit transport of patient |
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Measles/Rubeola
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Airborne & Standard Precautions
*No mask required if immune to measles. *Precaution: Duration of Illness |
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German Measles (Rubella)
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Standard / Droplet
*until 7 days after onset of rash |
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Adenovirus pneumonia
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Droplet
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Invasive Hemophilus influenzae disease
-H. Influenza epiglottitis -H. Influenza meningitis |
Standard / Droplet
*Precautions: until 24 hours of effective antimicrobial therapy has been given. |
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Parvovirus B19
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Droplet
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Fifth’s Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)
*slap face |
Standard and Droplet,
*but in an immunocompetent (normal) patient with acute disease, it is not communicable after onset of rash - Droplet not neccessary. *Precautions: For an immunocompromised patient with: chronic disease--duration of hospitalization. aplastic crisis or red cell aplasia (e.g. sick cell patients) --maintain Droplet Precautions for 7 days |
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Mumps
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Standard / Droplet
*Duration of precautions: for 9 days after onset of swelling. |
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Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
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Standard / Droplet
*Precautions: until 5 days after patient is placed on effective therapy. |
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Group A & B Strep (invasive)
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Standard Precautions
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C. diff – Clostridium difficile colitis
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Standard / Contact
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Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs):
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) - Extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) - Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) |
Contact
*Prescribe antibiotics only when needed. |
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SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome )
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Airborne
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Extrapulmonary TB
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Standard
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TB Meningitis
|
Standard
*Note: Patient should be evaluated for evidence of concurrent (active) pulmonary tuberculosis. If evidence exists for active pulmonary tuberculosis Airborne Precautions are required. |
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TB – Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(pulmonary or laryngeal disease confirmed or suspected) |
Standard / Airborne
*Precaution: Duration of Illness |
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Anthrax (Cutaneous) & Anthrax (Inhalational)
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Standard
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Broncholitis (infants & young children)
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Standard / Contact
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Candidiasis
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Standard
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Chlamydia (all types)
-Chlamydia psittaci, -Chlamydia pneumoniae, -Chlamydia trachomatis. |
Standard
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Gastroenteritis (cholera, rotavirus, giardia)
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Standard / Contact for diapered or incontinent px
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Croup
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Standard / Contact
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Decubitus ulcer
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Major (decubitus contained in a dressing): Standard / Contact
Minor: Standard only *Precautions: Until wound heals over and stops draining |
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Arthropod-borne Viral Encephalitis
Examples: West Nile Encephalitis, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Western Equine Encephalitis, St. Louis Encephalitis, California (LaCrosse) Encephalitis |
Standard Precautions
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Diptheria (cutaneous) & (pharyngeal)
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Standard / Contact
*Precautions: Until off all antibiotics and until two cultures obtained 24 hours apart are negative. |
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Epstein-Barr Virus
including mononucleosis |
Standard precautions
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Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)
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Standard precautions.
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Impetigo
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Standard / Contact.
*Duration of precautions: until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy. |
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Kawasaki Syndrome
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Standard
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Legionnaire’s Disease
|
Standard
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Meningococcal meningitis
(due to Neisseria meningitides) |
Standard / Droplet
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Pneumococcal meningitis
|
Standard
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Smallpox
|
Standard / Airborne / Contact
Linen: All laundry should be placed in biohazard bags and autoclaved before laundering. Patient transport requires approval of Hospital Epidemiologist or designee. Duration of Isolation: To be determined by Hospital Epidemiology. |
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Typhoid Fever, including Salmonellosis—all salmonella species:
|
Standard
*but requires the use of Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent patients including children under 6 years of age for duration of illness. |