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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Theme 11 about? |
Theme 11 is about Displays, Controls and Cumulative Trauma Disorders |
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What are some of the learning outcomes for theme 11? |
1. Define, and explain how information is conveyed through displays 2. Name and discuss the information conveyed through displays 3. define and discuss controls as well as giving examples of controls 4. Explain the legal requirements of controls and machinery in the workplace |
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What are other learning outcomes of Theme 11? |
5. Define ergonomical principles of design of controls 6. Explain factors important in identifying controls 7. Discuss design and transparency in regard to specific controls 8. What are the design requirements for tools? |
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What other learning outcomes are taught in Theme 11? |
9. Define, give synonyms, and asses the risk factors relating to Cumulative trauma Disorder (CTD) 10. Discuss and name the occupational and non-occupational risk factor for Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) |
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What are displays? |
Displays are man made, custom made, presentations of information |
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What did man create displays? |
Displays were created by man for information that can not be directly perceived and recalled and for information that needs to be communicated or shared |
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Information will be conveyed through displays when: |
• Stimuli is at or below threshold values and needs to be amplified • Stimuli needs reduction for adequate sensing • Stimuli needs to be sensed with greater precision so that people can discriminate • Information about events of circumstanced by their nature need to be displayed |
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What kind of information is conveyed by displays? |
1. Quantitative 2. Qualitative 3. Status 4. Warnings/Signals 5. Representational, Alpha-Numerical and Symbolic 6. Identification, time-phase |
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What is Quantitative Data? |
A representation that reflects quantitative data in the form of values or variables. This can often be in the form of statistics |
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What is Qualitative Data? |
Qualitative data reflects information approximates through i.e. values, trends, rates of change, directions of change, and other changing variables
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What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative information? |
Qualitative information can be reflected in patterns that move beyond structure and basic math whereas qualitative numbers are generally static and move within the parameters of maths and statistics |
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What is meant with status in the context of information display? |
Here we refer to information of, i.e traffic lights, stop and go signs and light switches. These examples all have in common the fact that show the status of a preceding event or situation |
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What are warning and signals in the context of displays? |
these are reflections that represent emergency or unsafe conditions. Examples would be those of police blue lights, lighthouse light beams, or displays on your can signalling low fuel or engine issues |
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What is Representational information in the context of displays? |
These are often pictorial or graphic representations of objects, areas or configurations. e.g. maps, blueprints, manuals |
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What are alphanumeric, and symbolic information? |
These display presentations of verbal, numerical and related coded information i.e. numbers, musical notations. letters |
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What is identification information? |
This is a display of presentations used to identify some static condition, situation or object i.e. a traffic sign, or a traffic direction informing of a road blockage and detour |
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What is Time-Phase information? |
Time phase information is a display presentation of pulsed time-phased signals. This is, i.e. Morse code |
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What is a control? |
A control facilitates the transmission of users ideas or decisions to machines/mechanisms/systems |
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What types of controls does one get? |
1. Activation 2. Discrete Settings 3. Continuous settings 4. continuous control 5. data entry 6. tools |
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What is Activation? |
This is the activation of a certain status of a system/machine i.e. flicking a light switch activates the light (this is the most basic form of doing something with a control) |
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What is Discrete settings? |
This means to separate pre-existing positions of an entity. For example, changing songs on your CD in your car radio (this incorporates the use of activating controls and is in basic in its functionality) |
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What is continuous settings? |
This is when utilizes finer settings on more complex equipment like setting the channel of your radio which uses specific controls and not just one (this is a more complex form of using controls and required both discrete and activation) |
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What is continuous control? |
This is the continuous application of a control like using the steering wheel or continuously pressing on the accelerator to move forward. |
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What is Data entry? |
This is where controls are used to put information into a system, i.e. a keyboard |
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What are Tools? |
Tools are equipment with functions i.e. hammer, drill etc. |
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What are the legal requirements of the use of controls and equipment? |
In the Occupational health and Safety Act No.85/1993, Article 8 (2) states in reference to a working environment that is safe and without risk that: a. the provision and maintenance of systems of work, plant and machinery that, as far as is reasonably practical, are safe and without risk |
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When identifying controls take note of |
1. Position. Use a standard location and provide sufficient spacing, place well within reach 2. Shape and Size. This is the easiest was to distinguish between different controls 3. Labels and colour |
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What factors need to be taken into account when designing specific controls? |
1. Compatibility 2. Action Mapping |
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What factors need to be taken into account when designing hand tools? |
1. wrists must be kept straight 2. It needs to be adjustable for subgroups 3. It must avoid repetition of powerful movements that require the use of limbs/muscles |
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What should we know about keyboards in the controls and ergonomical context? |
1. wrists should slope upwards and not be lazy leaning on the keyboard - this requires extra work done by the fingers 2. wrists should be straight as well apposed to the twist for direction |
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What are the effects of using badly designed controls? |
1. Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD) 2. Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) |
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What is Cumulative Trauma Disorder or Repetitive strain injury? |
This disease is caused by the repetitive motion of the hand, fingers and wrist in nearly any industry of work. There are a large number of employees that develop this disease (RSI) Anyone working at a computer is at risk for this, or the later developing, Carpel Tunnel Syndrome |
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What can cause these diseases? What are some of the occupational risk factors? |
1. Repetition of movements and poor typing techniques stress the tendons 2. Working in awkward hand positions for to long pinches nerve groups 3. Lack of recovery time or rest breaks for long task durations 4. Excessive manual force 5. high rates of manual repetition 6. static loads |
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So what exactly is defined as Cumulative Trauma Disorder or Repetitive Strain Injury (CTD or RSI)
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if is a chronic injury resulting from repetitive exertions of a body limb/segment.. a series of micro traumas occurring over a period of time with cumulative effects |
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What types of Cumulative trauma Disorders do you get? |
1. tendon disorders (Tendinitis) 2. Nerve entrapment disorders (CTS) 3. Neurovascular disorders (white finger disease) |
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What causes Carpel Tunnel Syndrome? |
It is caused by a number of occupational and non-occupational factors |
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What are some of the Occupational factors? for Carpel Tunnel Syndrom |
1. repetitiveness 2. Force (of exertion) 3. Posture |
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What are some of the Non-occupational factors? for Carpel Tunnel Syndrom |
1. Family history 2. Pregnancy, because of water retention 3. Medication 4. Gender (females are more susceptible) 5. Trauma 6. Vitamin B deficiency |
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What is the definition for Carpel Tunnel Syndrome?? |
The tight canal or tunnel on ones wrist allows tendons and nerves to pass through from the arm to the hand, and vice versa. This nerve that passes through is known as the Median Nerve and when this nerve is affected or restricted, it can result in Carpel Tunnel Syndrome |
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What are the symptoms of Carpel Tunnel Syndrome? |
1. Sensation of Pain 2. Numbness 3. Tingling inn one or both hands 4. general clumsiness and inability to grasp and hold objects 5. Reduction in grip strength, range of motion and performance time |
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BlackBerry Thumb |
This is a neologism that refers to the RSI experiences from the use of BlackBerry button presses There are synonyms like Nintendinitius, Playstation Thumb |