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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported between the cells of the body and the respiratory system by the _________.
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circulatory system
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The smallest branches of the repiratory system tubes terminate in clusters of microscopic air sacs called _____________.
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alveoli
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Gas exchange takes place between the blood and the atmosphere in structures called ____________.
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alveoli
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Blood enters the lung from the heart through a major artery known as the ____________.
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pulmonary artery
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The mouth and nasal cavities meet in a region known as the ____________.
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pharynx
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The nasal cavities open to the external environment at the nostrils, also called the _________________.
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external nares
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Passageways in the nasal cavity are separated from one another by bony extensions of the nasal septum known as the _____________.
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nasal conchae
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Many bones of the skull contain openings from the nasal cavities referred to as ________________.
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sinuses
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At the roof of the nasal cavities the sense of smell is associated with an area called the ________________.
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olfactory region
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Three functions of the nose include moistening the air, filtering the air, and ___________________.
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warming the air
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Allergic reactions occurring within the nasal chambers are given the general name ___________________.
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allergic rhinitis
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Another name for the pharynx is the ______________.
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throat
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The digestive and respiratory passageways meet one another at a region of the pharynx referred to as the ________________.
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oropharynx
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The lateral walls of the nasopharynx contain openings of tubes from the middle ear known as ____________.
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Eustachian tubes
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The mass of lymphatic tissue on the medial posterior wall of the nasopharynx is the _________________.
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pharyngeal tonsils
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The largest cartilage of the larynx, also known as the Adam's apple, is the ______________.
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thyroid cartilage
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The cartilage of the larynx that resembles a signet ring and connects the trachea and larynx is the _____________.
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cricoid cartilage
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The opening to the larynx is referred to as the __________.
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glottis
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Vibrations of the vocal chords are due to air exhaled from the _________________.
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lungs
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Because men have longer vocal chords, their voices have lower ____________.
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pitch
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The trachea is supported by a series of C-shaped rings of ________________.
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cartilage
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The two primary tubes that branch from the trachea are the _______________.
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bronchi
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There is no cartilage in the tubes when the bronchi become ________________.
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bronchioles
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Bronchioles are composed entirely of muscle referred to as ________________.
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smooth muscle
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The common name for inflammation of the bronchial tree is ______________.
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bronchitis
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The lungs occupy most of the space of the _____________.
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thoracic cavity
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The number of alveoli in the average adult numbers approximately ____________.
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300 million
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The left lung is subdivided into two lobes, while the right lung is subdivided into __________.
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three lobes
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The two-layer membrane surrounding each lung is the _______________.
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pleura
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The outer layer of pleura lining the inner surface of the thoracic cavity is the __________________.
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parietal pleura
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The underlying principle of breathing is that air flows from the region of high pressure to a region of ____________.
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low pressure
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Pressure changes occurring in the lungs can be traced to the activity of skeletal muscles known as __________.
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respiratory muscles
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During inspiration, the ribs are raised upward and outward by a set of repiratory muscles called _____________.
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external intercostal muscles
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During inspiration, contractions cause the downward movement of a dome-shaped muscle known as the _____________.
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diaphragm
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The relaxation of repiratory muscles compresses the thorax and increases the air pressure in the ___________.
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lungs
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While inspiration is an active process, the process of expiration is a(n) __________.
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passive process
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The amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs in a normal breath under resting conditions is the _________.
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resting tidal volume
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The volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs after a forced inspiration is the _______________.
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vital capacity
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Breathing is controlled by an area of the brain called the repiratory control center, which includes part of the medulla oblongata and the ______________.
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pons
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The repiratory centers in the brain are regulated indirectly by the bloodstream's level of __________________.
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carbon dioxide
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The rate of breathing is controlled by an area of the brain known as the ______________.
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pneumotaxic area
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The respiratory center is activated by the cerebrospinal fluid level of ______________.
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hydrogen ions
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While the contraction of skeletal muscles is usually voluntary, the control of breathing is usually _______________.
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involuntary
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The great majority of oxygen is carried in the body in association with __________.
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hemoglobin molecules
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Approximately 70-75 percent of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in the form of _________.
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bicarbonate ions/sodium bicarbonate
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Aproximately 25-30 percent of the carbon dioxide in the body is carried as ____________.
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carboxyhemoglobin molecules
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The driving force behind the exchange of gases in the alveoli is the process of __________________.
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diffusion
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While active transport is an active process for the movement of molecules, diffusion is a(n) _________.
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passive process
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During lung gas exchange, oxygen molecules move toward the ______________.
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red blood cells
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During lung gas exchange, carbon dioxide molecules move toward the ___________.
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alveolar sac
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