Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What does the organization of the brain reveal? |
The architecture of the mind |
|
|
What is epistemology? |
The theory of knowledge
|
|
|
What are the 4 major components of the brain? |
1. Brain stem & cerebellum 2. Limbic system 3. White matter 4. Cerebral cortex |
|
|
What is the brain stem? |
A set of relays between the spinal cord and the cerebellum |
|
|
What is the cerebellum most involved in? |
Motor coordination |
|
|
What does LGN stand for? |
Lateral geniculate nucleus |
|
|
What is gray matter? |
Cell bodies |
|
|
What is white matter? |
Myelinated axons |
|
|
What does V1 stand for? |
Visual cortex |
|
|
45% of the human brain is made up of: |
White matter |
|
|
Receptive field |
The place in the visual world which makes a given neuron fire |
|
|
Myelinated |
A nerve fiber enclosed in a myelin sheath |
|
|
Retinotopy |
Adjacent parts of the Vishal scene are mapped to adjacent parts of the cortex |
|
|
3 criteria for a cortical area |
1. Distinct in function 2. Connectivity to other areas 3. Distinctive structure/cell types |
|
|
Micro stimulation provides evidence for direction selective neurons by: |
Stimulus affecting the perception of motion |
|
|
How much does the average adult brain weight? |
3 Ibs |
|
|
1990 was the |
Decade of the brain |
|
|
Where allows thoughts to be transformed into words? |
Broca’s area |
|
|
Where does most information processing in the brain take place? |
The cerebral cortex |
|
|
Basal ganglia |
Clusters of nerve cells surrounding the thalamus responsible for initiating and integrating movement |
|
|
Neurotransmitter |
Chemicals that brain cells use to talk to each other |
|
|
CNS |
Central nervous system |
|
|
PNS |
Peripheral nervous system |
|
|
Corpus callosum |
A bridge of wide flat neural fibers that help relay signals between the hemispheres |
|
|
Occipital lobe |
Processing and interpreting visual information |
|
|
Temporal lobe |
Major processing center of sound and some forms of memory |
|
|
Parietal lobe |
The home of the somatosensory cortex |
|
|
Frontal lobe |
Executive function, reason, decision making, sensory integration, planning, and execution of movement |
|
|
What are the 4 lobes? |
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital |
|
|
Somatosensory cortex |
Processing sensation and touch information + some spatial procsssing |
|
|
Mind |
A set of computations that extract representations |
|
|
Computational theory |
What is the problem to be solved? What is the input/output? How might you get from input to output? |
3 questions |
|
BOLD |
Blood oxygenation level dependent signal |
|
|
MRI |
Magnetic resonance imaging |
|
|
DeO2Hb |
Deoxygenated hemoglobin |
|
|
Prospagnosia |
Impairs face discrimination and recognition |
|
|
Double disassociation |
combination of two opposite deficits |
|
|
ERP |
Event related potential |
|
|
FFA |
Fusiform face area |
|
|
The face inversion effect |
An increase in errors for upside-down compared to upright stimuli |
|
|
Hemodynamics |
The dynamics of blood flow |
|
|
HRF |
Hemodynamic response function |
|
|
When does the BOLD response peak? |
5-6 seconds after neural activity |
|
|
TMS |
Transcranial magnetic stimulation |
|
|
OFA |
Occipital face area |
|
|
Independent variable |
The factor the experimenter manipulates |
|
|
Dependent variable |
The thing the experimenter measures |
|
|
Dependent variable |
The thing the experimenter measures |
|
|
Hypothesis |
The key idea you are testing in the experiment |
|
|
Dependent variable |
The thing the experimenter measures |
|
|
Hypothesis |
The key idea you are testing in the experiment |
|
|
Prediction |
The precise finding in your data that should be found if the hypothesis is true |
|
|
Contrast |
The point is to isolate a mental process by comparing two conditions |
|
|
Minimal pairs |
Two conditions differing only in one mental process |
|
|
Confound |
Creates specific alternate accounts of your data |
|
|
MUPA |
Multiple voxel pattern analysis |
|
|
fROI |
Functional region of interest |
|
|
Neural decoding |
What information is present in this region |
|
|
Fundamental questions of navigation |
1. Where am I 2. How do I get from A to B |
|
|
RSC |
Retrosplenial cortex |
|
|
Place cell |
A specific place which causes a neuron to fire at only a single location |
|
|
Place field |
The location in space the animal has to be in to make a hippocampal neuron fire |
|
|
Head direction cell |
Responds when heading a specific direction |
|
|
Grid cell |
Tracks how far we’ve gone in each direction |
|
|
Border cell |
Fires at any navigational border |
|
|
Empirical questions |
About truth and observations |
|
|
Empirical questions |
About truth and observations |
|
|
Innate |
Inborn or natural |
|
|
Empirical questions |
About truth and observations |
|
|
Innate |
Inborn or natural |
|
|
Computational modeling |
Using computer programs to simulate and study complex systems |
|
|
Perceptual narrowing |
Reductions in an infants sensitivity to classes of stimuli that are not encountered within their environment |
|
|
Perceptual narrowing |
Reductions in an infants sensitivity to classes of stimuli that are not encountered within their environment |
|
|
Controlled rearing |
When a “normal” part of a child’s development is taken away and the effects are studied |
|
|
Perceptual narrowing |
Reductions in an infants sensitivity to classes of stimuli that are not encountered within their environment |
|
|
Controlled rearing |
When a “normal” part of a child’s development is taken away and the effects are studied |
|
|
Informational encapsulation |
Information processing in the module cannot be affected by information in the rest of the brain |
|
|
Diffusion tractography |
A 3D modeling technique used to visually represent nerve tracks using data collected by diffusion MRI |
|
|
Connectivity fingerprint |
The connectivity a voxel has to each set of anatomical regions |
|
|
VWFA |
Visual word form area |
|
|
Kennard principal: |
If you’re going to have brain damage, have it early |
|
|
Weber’s Law |
The discriminability of two clusters of numbered stimuli depends on their ratio and not the absolute difference |
|
|
ANS |
Approximate number sense |
|
|
IPS |
Inter-parietal sulcus |
|
|
SPL |
Superior Parietal Lobules |
|
|
IPS |
Inferior parietal lobules |
|
|
Acalculia |
Loss of ability to calculate |
|
|
hIPS |
Horizontal segment of the inter-parietal sulcus |
|