Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cultural adaptation
|
A complex of ideas, activities and techonologies that enable people to survive and even thrive
|
|
ecosystem
|
A system, or a functioning whole, composed of both the natural environment and all the organisms living within it
|
|
cultural ecology
|
the dynamic interaction of specific cultures with their natural environments
|
|
cultural evolution
|
Culture change over time (not to be confused with progress)
|
|
progress
|
The ethnocentric notion that humans are moving forward to a higher more advanced stage in their development toward perfection
|
|
convergent evolution
|
In cultural evolution, the development of similar cultural adaptations to similar environmental conditions by different peoples with different ancestral cultures.
|
|
parallel evolution
|
In cultural evolution, the development of similar cultural adaptations to similar environmental conditions by peoples whose ancestral cultures were already somewhat alike
|
|
food foraging
|
Hunting, fishing and gathering wild plant foods
|
|
carrying capacity
|
The number of people that the available resources can support at a given level of food getting techiniques
|
|
Neolithic revolution
|
Domestication of plants and animals by peoples with stone-based technologies, beginning about 10,000 years ago and leading to radical transformations in cultural systems.
|
|
transhumance
|
A subsitence stategy in which people move their grazing animals from wither pastures in low steppe lands to summer pastures on high plateaus
|
|
swidden farming
|
Also known as slash-and-burn. an extensive form of horticulture in which the natural vegetation is cut the slash is subsequently burned, and crops are then planted among the ashes
|
|
economic system
|
an organizational arrangement for producing, distributing, and consuming goods
|
|
technology
|
tools and other material equipment, together with the knowledge of how to make and use them
|
|
recipocity
|
The exchange of goods and services, of approximately equal value, between two parties.
|
|
generalized reciprocity
|
A mode of exchange in which the value of the gift is not calculated, nor is the time of repayment specified
|
|
balanced reciprocity
|
a mode of exchange in which the giving and the receiving are specific as to the value of the goods and the time of their delivery
|
|
negative reciprocity
|
a form of exchange in which the aim is to get something for as little as possible. neither fair nor balanced, it may involve hard bargaining, manipulation, outright cheating and even theft
|
|
Kula ring
|
a form of balanced reciprocity that reinforces social relations among the seafaring Trobriand people and other Melanesians
|
|
redistribution
|
a form of exchange in which goods flow into a central place, where they are sorted, counted, and reallocated
|
|
conspicuous consumption
|
the display of wealth for social prestige
|
|
potlatch
|
on the northwest coast of North America a ceremonial event in which a village chief publicly gives away stock-piled food and other goods that signify wealth
|
|
prestige economy
|
Creation of a surplus for the expess purpose of gaining prestige through a public display of wealth that is given away as gifts
|
|
leveling mechanism
|
a cultural obligation compelling prosperous members of a community to give away goods, host public feasts, provide free service, or otherwise demonstrate generosity so that no one permanently accululates signigicantly more wealth than anyone else
|
|
market exchange
|
the buying and selling of goods and services, with prices set by rules of supply and demand
|
|
money
|
anything used to make payments for other things (goods or labor) as well as to measure their value; may be special purpose or multipurpose.
|
|
informal economy
|
Network of proucing and circulting marketable commodities, labor and services that for various reasons escape government control
|