Test 4

Front 1

Specific heat

Back 1

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree

Front 2

Latent heat of vaporization

Back 2

Quantity of heat absorbed by a substance at the point at which it changes from a liquid to a vapor

Front 3

The smaller the hose diameter and longer the lay...

Back 3

The lower the pressure

Front 4

Causes of friction loss

Back 4

Rough linings in fire hose,

Damaged couplings,

Sharp bends,

Number of adapters,

Length of hose lay,

Hose diameter

Front 5

Low volume stream

Back 5

Discharges less than 40 gpm

Front 6

Handline stream

Back 6

Supplied by 1.5-3 in hose, 49-350 gpm streams (hoses with streams in excess of 350 gpm are not for handlines).

Front 7

Master stream

Back 7

Discharges over 350 gpm, fed by one or more 2.5-3 in hoselines connected to a master stream nozzle. Created by master stream appliances such as deck pipes.

Front 8

Types of fire streams

Back 8

Solid, fog, straight, broken

Front 9

Solid stream

Back 9

Produced from fixed orifice, smooth bore nozzle. Compact streams with little shower or spray

Front 10

Solid stream characteristics

Back 10

Reach and penetration,

Produced at low pressure,

Less steam conversion,

More likely to conduct electricity

Front 11

Breakover point

Back 11

Can be observed at the distance where a stream loses it's forward velocity

Front 12

Continuity

Back 12

A stream doesn't lose continuity until it reaches a point where it loses forward velocity

Front 13

Nozzle pressure

Back 13

A nozzle pressure of 50 psi will produce fire streams with good reach and volume using a smooth bore nozzle, if greater reach is needed a pressure of 65 may be used. Anything about that requires two firefighters.

Front 14

Fog stream characteristics

Back 14

Used for hydraulic ventilation,

Vapor dispersion,

Crew protection,

Reduce heat by exposing maximum surface for heat absorption,

Nay disturb there layering if applied incorrectly

Front 15

Standard pressure for fog nozzles

Back 15

100 psi

Front 16

Straight streams

Back 16

Semi solid stream produced by a fog nozzle, done by rotating stream shaper until a straight stream is produced.

Front 17

Broken stream

Back 17

Fire stream broken into coarsely divided water droplets by specialized nozzles such as cellar nozzles, piercing nozzles, chimney nozzles

-Can be effective in confined spaces,

-May conduct electricity

Front 18

Best angle for fire hose

Back 18

45 degrees

Front 19

Smooth bore nozzles

Back 19

Operate at low pressures,

less prone to clogging with debris,

Can be used to apply compressed air foam,

May allow hoselines to kink

Front 20

Smooth bore psi

Back 20

Operated at 50 psi for handlines and 80 psi for master stream appliances

Front 21

Fog nozzles

Back 21

Discharge can be adjusted,

Provide protection for firefighters,

Can be used to apply foams

10gpm-250gpm

Front 22

Master stream fog nozzles

Back 22

Flow at 350 gpm- 1259 gpm

Front 23

Nozzle raction

Back 23

Counter force directed against a person holding a nozzle or device holding a nozzle by velocity of water being discharged

Front 24

Nozzle operation

Back 24

Cradle the hoseline under one arm while holding the pistol grip in one hand,

Pull back slowly on the base with other hand to open the nozzle,

As the action increases lean forward in lunging position

Front 25

Nozzle inspection

Back 25

Should occur after each use and annually to ensure working condition

Front 26

Cleaning nozzles

Back 26

Use soap and water and soft bristle brush

Front 27

Green wood

Back 27

Wood with high moisture content, does not burn as quickly a dehydrated or kiln dried wood

Front 28

Composite building components

Back 28

Plywood, particleboard, fiberboard, oriented strand board, paneling

Front 29

Spalling

Back 29

When stones and concrete lose small portions of their surface through heat

Front 30

Lightweight steel truss

Back 30

Structual support made from a long steel bar that is bent at 90 degree angle with flat or angular pieces welded to the top and bottom. Fails much faster than an I beam

Front 31

Critical temperature for steel

Back 31

1000 degrees Fahrenheit

Front 32

Gypsum

Back 32

Has a high water content, excellent heat resistant and fire retardant properties.

Front 33

Lath and plaster

Back 33

Found in building constructed prior to the 1950's, walls can be very hard to penetrate with axes or tools. Can also conceal fire.

Horizontal wood strips filled with an interior plaster to form wall finish

Front 34

Finger jointed timber

Back 34

Small pieces of wood joined into longer boards using epoxy resins and glues

Front 35

Medium density fiberboard

Back 35

Looks like hardwood, used for doors, door surrounds, moldings.. laminated wood product

Front 36

Particle board

Back 36

Made from flakes generated in manufacture of lumber, used for wall panels, formaldehyde is a glue present and can be dangerous when outgassing.

Front 37

NFPA 5000

Back 37

Building construction and safety code

Front 38

Type 1 construction

Back 38

Provides highest level of protection from fire development and spread as well as collapse. Reinforced concrete, precast concrete, protected steel frame. Contain fire walls.

Front 39

Type 2 contruction

Back 39

Composed of materials that will not contribute to fire development or spread. Structures with metal framing members, metal cladding, concrete block construction if walls with metal deck roofs supported by unprotected open web joists are most common.

Front 40

Type 3 construction

Back 40

Older schools, business, residential. Exterior walls and structual members are made of noncombustible materials, interior walls, columns, beams and roofs are completely or partially made of wood.

Front 41

Type 4 construction

Back 41

Heavy timber/mill construction. Characterized by the use of large dimensional lumber typically 8 in structual members. Fire resistance of two hours.

Front 42

Type 5 construction

Back 42

Wood frame or stick frame. Exterior load bearing walls composed entirely of wood. Veneer of stucco or brick. Includes pre fabricated truss systems instead of floor joists

Front 43

Axial load

Back 43

A load passing through the center of the mass of the supporting element, perpendicular to it's cross section.

Front 44

Eccentric Load

Back 44

A load perpindicular to the cross section of the supporting element that does not pass through the center of mass.

Front 45

Torsional load

Back 45

A load parallel to the cross section of the supporting member that does not pass through the long axis.

Front 46

Tension

Back 46

A force that pulls materials apart

Front 47

Shear

Back 47

A force that tends to break material by causing it's molecules to slide past each other

Front 48

Steel failure

Back 48

Steel fails at 1000° F

Front 49

Gas law

Back 49

An increase in temp.=increase in pressure

Front 50

Floor and columns are often..

Back 50

Cast in place

Front 51

Spreaders

Back 51

Stars or a variety of shapes on the side of a building indicating a wall tie (type 3 construction). A steel cable or rod under tension between two exterior walls adding support

Front 52

Fire cut

Back 52

Roof and floor joists are fire cut in type 3 construction. They are designed to collapse during a fire.

Front 53

Type 3 construction limitations

Back 53

Building have front and rear access only,

Many have open staircases to mezzanine level and second floor,

Narrow streets minimize apparatus access,

Utility lines compromise ladder ops

Front 54

Paraphet

Back 54

Concrete extensions on top of a type 3 building, any section of wall above the roof

Front 55

Transom windows

Back 55

Elevated windows on type 3 buildings designed to let light in, fire penetrate s through transom windows and ignited combustible overhangs

Front 56

Taxpayer rooms

Back 56

Apartments on top of old type 3 buildings

Front 57

Scuppers

Back 57

Installed to drain off sprinkler water reducing floor loads

Front 58

Pier and beam foundation

Back 58

Raised foundation on older houses with skirt running around the house

Front 59

Gusset plates

Back 59

Used to join wood components absorb heat faster than wood

Front 60

Receo

Back 60

Rescue, exposure, confinement, extinguishment, overhaul. General fireground considerations.

Front 61

Rams are only used on..

Back 61

Inward swinging doors

Front 62

Silicon carbide blade

Back 62

Used to cut through masonry

Front 63

Flat head axe weight

Back 63

6-8 lbs, preferably 8

Front 64

R tool

Back 64

Pulls locks that are longer than .5-1 in.

Front 65

Halligans are used..

Back 65

45° to the door

Front 66

Teepee cut

Back 66

Use on overhead rolling steel doors

Front 67

Lexan glass

Back 67

200x stronger than regular glass

Front 68

Glass/metal doors

Back 68

Only way through is through the lock methods

Front 69

Dual pumping

Back 69

Intake to intake. On engine feeds off another's supply

Front 70

Relay pumping

Back 70

Discharge to intake, done to cover distance

Front 71

Tandem pumping

Back 71

Discharge to intake, done to increase pressure

Front 72

Nfpa 1963

Back 72

All engines must have a fog and smooth bore nozzle

Front 73

Stream tyoes

Back 73

Solid, fog, straight, broken

Front 74

Direct attack

Back 74

Designed to extinguishment a fire by applying water directly to the base

Front 75

Indirect attack

Back 75

Designed to extinguish a fire by direct stream to superheated gas layer

Front 76

Combination attack

Back 76

Uses a power cone method and attack the fire and superheated gasses

Front 77

Extrication

Back 77

Removal of victims trapped by some type of man made machinery

Front 78

Rescue

Back 78

The removal and treatment of victims from situations involving natural elements

Front 79

Eddy

Back 79

Calm area of river behind an obstruction disrupting laminar flow

Front 80

Falling in water:

Back 80

Lay belly up, 45° angle toward intended shore, feet opposite direction you want to go

Front 81

Hydrant gpm

Back 81

29.83×Coefficient×Diameter squared×√FP

Front 82

Size of pump orifice

Back 82

Effects pressure, larger the orifice greater the pressure

Front 83

Friction loss

Back 83

Larger GPM causes lager friction loss

Front 84

If a rope stretch ___ of it's length it cannot be used

Back 84

10%

Front 85

Type of rope used in fire service

Back 85

Static Kernmantle

Front 86

Rope must be measured..

Back 86

After each use

Front 87

Rope strength

Back 87

50% in sheath 50% in core

Front 88

Life safety rope must have..

Back 88

9000 lb capacity, carry a 2 person load of 600 lbs

Front 89

Hoisting an axe

Back 89

Figure 8 on a bit, half inch knot to secure

Front 90

Incident priorities

Back 90

1. Life safety

2. Incident stability

3. Property conservation

Front 91

Benchmarks

Back 91

1. Primary search complete

2. Under control (you have resources needed to control the incident)

3. PAR

4. Secondary Search

5. Loss stop

6. PAR

7. Terminate Command

Front 92

Command Modes

Back 92

-Nothing showing/Investigate

-Fast Attack (applies to fire and search)

-Command (where is IC most valuable? Large scale incidents with multiple personnel)

Front 93

Operational Modes

Back 93

-Offensive

-Defensive (protecting exposures)

-Non-intervention (explosives, downed power lines)

-Offensive to Defensive: transitional attack

-Defensive to Offensive: Blitz attack, works well for garage fires.

Front 94

MAYDAY

Back 94

Regardless of assignment switch to mayday if it is called. If you are on fire attack provide coverage for rescue.

Front 95

Emergency traffic

Back 95

Anything crucial to life safety or change of conditions where priority of communication shifts to report the emergency. Call emergency traffic.

Front 96

5 key assignments

Back 96

-Fire attack

-Primary search

-Vent

-Rit

-Backup line: protects means of egress

Front 97

Branch

Back 97

Can be geographic or serve a function, branches contain groups, divisions, task forces, strike teams.

Front 98

Wythes

Back 98

Solid load bearing brick walls in type 3 construction.