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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Stress
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a condition in which the human system responds to changes in its normal, balanced state.
stress affects all dimensions: physical emotional intellectual social spiritual. |
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stressor
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anything that is perceived as challenging threatening or demanding.
can be internal or external. |
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internal stressor
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may be an illness, hormonal change or fear.
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external stressor
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may be a load noise, temperature change
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Physiological stressor
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ex: pain
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pyschosocial stressor
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ex: job loss, moving, divorce,
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developmental stressor
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ex: aging, loss, leaving home
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situational stressor
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ex: first exam
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Factors influencing the response to stressors:
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intensity
duration |
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adaptation
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necessary for normal development.
the change that takes place as a response to a stressor. |
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homeostasis
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when various physiological mechanisms
within the body respond to internal changes in order to maintain relative constancy in the internal environment. |
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coping responses
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a response that deals with a particular stressor.
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LAS - Local Adaptation Syndrome.
a response. |
a localized response involving a specific part of the body.
of short duration. a "cellular" response to stress. a stressor stimulates a response, ex: a scraped knee. the body responds with clotting factors, white blood cells to restore homeostasis. Reflex Pain response- the CNS responds rapidly and automatically . Inflammatory response- prevents the spread of infection and promotes healing. blood clotting help healing. |
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GAS - General Adaptation Syndrome
a response. |
the systemic response of the body to a stressor.
Involves the Neurological and Endocrine systems. Comprised of 3 stages: Alarm Resistance Exhaustion |
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GAS - General Adaptation Syndrome
a response. Stage 1 - Alarm: |
Stage 1 - Alarm
When stressors are threatening or perceived the body activates the "Fight or Flight syndrome" of the Sympathetic nervous system. use one's first cigarette as an example. you start coughing, you can't breathe. |
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GAS - General Adaptation Syndrome
a response. Stage 2 - Resistance |
the fight or flight response ends and long term coping starts, depleting adaptive energy as you go along.
ex.you continue to smoke, but you don't cough anymore. you keep smoking-the body is resisting the stressor-the cigarette. |
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GAS - General Adaptation Syndrome
a response. Stage 3- Exhaustion |
you continue to smoke, however, continuing resisting stressor eventually puts the body in a state of exhaustion as it uses its adaptive energy. soon, it can no longer cope with the stressor and it breaks down in disease, collapse or death. the body succumbs to the stressor.
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Mind Body Interaction to Stress
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there is a relationship between psychological stressors and the physiological response.
there is no separation. |
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Anxiety
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a response to a stressor which produces feelings of discomfort or dread.
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Mild Anxiety
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normal part of life that can motivate, keep us on point.
cognition: increases alertness and perception, motivates learning and growth. physiological:blood pressure, pulse and respiration may rise slightly. behavioral: remain logical and focused. |
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Moderate Anxiety
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unable to focus, narrows perception.
cognition: can't focus,loss of concentration, an inattention to communication and details. physiological: increased blood pressure, pulse and respiration. sweating, cool and clammy skin. behavioral: start to worry about stressor. |
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Severe Anxiety & Panic
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cognition: severe errors in judgement, hallucinations.
Physiological: increased muscle tension/shaking, increased glucose levels, entering" Fight or Flight" response. feels like a heart attack. behavioral:unprovoked, crippling response to an unknown danger, sense of impending doom. |
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Coping Mechanisms
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managing stress without involving conscious thought.
laughing crying smoking drinking. withdrawal |
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Defense mechanisms against stressors.
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mostly unconscious reactions to stressors, usually to protect one's self esteem. may be useful in mild to moderate anxiety.
when extreme, however, they distort reality and create problems with relationships. |
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Defense mechanisms
Denial |
refusal to acknowledge the presence of a condition that is disturbing.
ex denial of illness. despite finding a lump in her breast she does not seek treatment. |
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Defense mechanisms
Regression |
returning to an earlier method of behavior.
ex when confronted by a newborn in the family, the older child may revert back to soiling diapers or wanting a bottle. |
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Defense mechanisms
Displacement |
when a person transfers(displaces) an emotional reaction from one object or person to another object or person.
ex being angry at a coworker and taking it out on by kicking a chair across the room. |
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Defense mechanisms
Projection |
when a person's thoughts or impulses are attributed to someone else.
ex you deny sexual feelings or anger for someone and then turn around and accuse that person of having those feelings against you. |
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Defense mechanisms
Reaction Formation |
a person develops attitudes and behaviors that are opposite to what he is really feeling.
ex you really like someone but you act nastily toward them. |
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Defense mechanisms
Introjection |
when a person incorporates qualities or values of another person into his own ego structure.
important in the formation of conscience during childhood. ex taking on, and expressing, the values of a role model you look up to and admire. |
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Defense mechanisms
Rationalization |
a person tries to give a logical or socially acceptable explanation for a questionable behavior.
ex the blame game there's always a good reason. - I failed the test because it was stupid and unreasonable, (meanwhile, the truth is I did not study). |
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Defense mechanisms
Repression |
when a person excludes an anxiety producing event from conscious memory.voluntary-I'm not going to think about this.
ex a father may not remember violently shaking his crying baby. |
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Defense mechanisms
Compensation |
when a person attempts to overcome a perceived weakness, you compensate with a desirable trait in a more comfortable area.
ex a student is having trouble in class so he tries harder to excel in football. |
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Defense mechanisms
Sublimation |
when a person substitutes his normal channel of expression and substitutes it in a socially acceptable manner.
ex an aggressive,violent person on the street takes his aggressive tendencies out toward players on the other football team. |
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Defense mechanisms
Isolation |
unconscious effort to remove yourself from a situation.
ex when a nurse removes himself from the overwhelming emotional stress of dealing with dying patients by being cold and aloof. |
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Defense mechanisms
Conversion |
a psychological stressor with a physical response.
ex a person unconsciously develops a physical ailment they think is real to avoid facing an uncomfortable situation. psyching yourself out so bad that you develop an imagined disorder. |
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Defense mechanisms
Undoing |
an act used to negate a previous action or communication.
ex a husband who beat his wife brings her flowers the next day. |
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Interventions for Stress
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how does one relieve stress?
you must first recognize the stress because you cannot treat something you don't know. Then you need to think of some constructive change. ex: time management exercise humor good nutrition rest and sleep guided imagery - picture being somewhere you want to be to relax. Crisis intervention- avoid trouble before it happens support system-do patients have support or friends that got your back increase self esteem- do not tell yourself you are going to fail the test before you take it. management of Burnout- ICU and ER nurses deal with such intense situations that they need to control it with support systems to help ventilate feelings and de-escalate. |