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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What's the other name for the plasma membrane?
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phospholipid bi-layer
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Does the phospholipid by-layer have proteins dispersed in it?
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yes
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What depicts the plasma membrane as an exceedingly thin (7-10 nm) structure composed of a double layer, or bi-layer, of lipid molecules with protein molecules dispersed in it?
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the fluid mosaic model
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Phospholipids are oriented with _________ tails in the center of the bi-layer.
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hydrophobic
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Phospholipids serve as the barrier to larger ______ substances.
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polar
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Proteins in the phospholipid bi-layer can allow more ______.
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permeability
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The plasma membrane is ________ permeable.
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selectively
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The plasma membrane is ________ permeable.
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selectively
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diffusion
simple diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis What kind of processes are these? |
passive
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What is this?
Movement of substances down or along a concentration gradient, from greater to lesser concentration. Powered by kinetic energy of the molecules. |
diffusion
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What kind of diffusion is this?
Lipid soluble substances move through the lipid, such as O2, and CO2. |
simple
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What kind of diffusion is this?
Small charged particles (such as Na+, and K+) can diffuse through channel proteins. |
simple
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What kind of diffusion is this?
For polar and large molecules such as glucose. |
facilitate
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What kind of diffusion is this?
Use of a specific protein carrier molecule to shuttle glucose (or amino acids) across the membrane (down the concentration gradient). |
facilitated
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What kind of passive process is this?
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (like the plasma membrane). |
osmosis
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What happens to a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution?
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swells, can burst or hemolyze
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What happens to a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution?
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will shrink, or crenate
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What will happen to a red blood cell in an isotonic solution?
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no net volume change
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What is isotonic for NaCL?
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0.09%
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What is isotonic for glucose?
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5%
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What are we talking about?
Use of hydrostatic (fluid) pressure to push water and dissolved solutes through a membrane. Occurs in capillarys and in forming urine. |
filtration
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What do active processes us for energy?
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ATP
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What kind of transport are we talking about?
Use of a carrier protein (like facilitated diffusion) to move substances against a concentration gradient (unlike facilitated diffusion). |
active
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What kind of pump moves Na+ out of cells and at the same time brings K+ into cells? Uses ATP directly to energize the carrier.?
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Na+-K+ pump
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What is primary active transport?
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the Na+-K+ pump
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Is glucose transported by primary active or secondary active?
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secondary
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What are we talking about here?
exocytosis phagosytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis |
the 3 types of vesicular transport
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What is the function of the Mitochondria?
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The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, it produces ATP.
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What is the structure of the Mitochondria?
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> two membranes
> with the general structure of the plasma membrane |
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What organelle has it's own DNA and RNA and are able to reproduce themselves?
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mitochondria
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What is the function of Ribosomes?
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Ribosomes are sites of protein synthesis.
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What is the structure of Ribosomes?
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Granules composed of protein and ribosomal RNA.
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What does Rough Endoplasmic Reticulation (RER) do?
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Its Ribosome's manufacture all proteins secreted from cells.
It's also the cells membrane factory. |
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What is the structure of the RER?
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The external surface is studded with Ribosomes.
It's a membrane that en-circles the nucleus. |
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What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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> Plays no role in protein synthesis.
> Communicates with RER. > Catalyzes reactions. |
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True or false?
Most body cells contain little, if any true smooth ER. |
true
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What is the structure of the SER?
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Tubules arranged in a looping network.
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What is the function of the Golgi?
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Traffic director for cellular proteins.
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What is the major function of the Golgi, in addition to being the traffic cop for cellular proteins?
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modify, concentrate and package proteins and lipids made at the RER.
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What does the Golgi look like?
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stacked and flattened membranous sacs, shaped like hollow dinner plates, associated with swarms of tiny membranouse vesicles.
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What is a Lysosome?
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aka "disintegrator bodies"
Spherical membranous organelles containing digestive enzymes. |
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What do Lysosomes do?
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They digest protein molecules.
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What is Cilia?
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Cellular extensions. Basically hairs along the respiratory system.
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What do Cilia do?
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Move mucus and other substances past the cells and out of the respiratory system.
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What is the Nuclear Envelope?
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a double membrane barrier separated by a fluid-filled space.
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Does the nuclear envelope have pores?
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yes
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What is the purpose of the pores on the nuclear envelope?
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to permit transfer of RNA, ribosome subunits, etc.
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What is this?
Cell division resulting in two cells with the same DNA? |
Mitosis
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What is Mitosis?
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Cell division resulting in two cells with the same DNA.
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What is this?
Cell division that produces eggs and sperm, cells with half the DNA. |
Meiosis
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What is Meisosis?
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Cell division that produces eggs and sperm.
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How is the full DNA content restored in Meiosis?
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fertilization
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What are we talking about?
Cell division that produces eggs and sperm. |
Meiosis
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What is this?
1) DNA code for a protein (a gene) is copied into messenger RNA. 2) Messenger RNA goes to the cyptoplasm and binds to a ribosome. 3) Transfer RNA brings the amino acids specified by the messenger RNA. 4) Peptide (covalent) bonds form between the amino acids. 5) Finished protein falls off the ribosome (synthesis of the protein is translation). |
The process of protein synthesis
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What is your neumonic for the process of protein synthesis?
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1) DNA
2) RNA 3) RNA 4) peptide 5) fall off ribosome |
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What does your neumonic for protein creation mean?
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1) DNA - a gene is transcribed (copied) into mRNA.
2) RNA - mRNA goes to the cytoplasm and binds to a ribosome. 3) RNA - Transfer RNA brings the amino acids specified by the messenger RNA 4) peptide - (covalent) bonds form between the amino acids 5) fall off ribosome - Finished protein falls off the ribosome (synthesis of the protein is translation). |
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What is your essay neumonic?
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FF MD PGE
fondess function mono di poly glucose/glycogen end |