Stress Management

Front 1

STRESS

Back 1

Body's non-specific response to any demand made upon it.

Front 2

HANS SELYE

Back 2

Father of Modern Stress Theory

Front 3

BODY'S

Back 3

stress is the holistic event.

Whole being is involved

Front 4

NON-SPECIFIC

Back 4

Its is a general event

Selye describe it as GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME.

All systems involved, primarily, AUTONOMIC NS and ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (DUCTLESS).

Front 5

RESPONSE

Back 5

It is a perceptual thing.

Highly personal

What may be stressful to you may jot be stressful to someone else.

Front 6

TO ANY DEMAND

Back 6

STRESSOR- source of stress

EUTRESS- positive stress

DISTRESS- negative stress

Front 7

MADE UPON IT

Back 7

caused by external environment but mqy alsi come from internal milieu

E.G: Plegm abdominal gas

Front 8

SYMPATHETIC

Back 8

1. INCREASE HR AND BP

2. INCREASE RR

3. DILATES PUPIL

4. DECREASES PERISTALSIS

5. DILATES PULMONARY

BRONCHIOLES

6. SPHINCTERS CLOSED

7. RELAXES DETRUSOR

Front 9

PARASYMPATHETIC

Back 9

1. DECREASE HR AND BP2. DECREASE RR3. CONSTRICTS PUPIL 4. INCREASES PERISTALSIS 5. CONSTRICT PULMONARY BRONCHIOLES 6. SPHINCTERS OPENED 7. CONTRACTS DETRUSOR

Front 10

CRISIS

Back 10

An internal disturbance caused by a stressfull event that momentarily renders the person's normal coping mechanisms inadequate.

SELF LIMITING: within 4-6 weeks

RESOLVED IN THREE WAYS:

1. Return to pre-crisis level of functioning

2. Begins to function at a higher level

3. Functioning stabilizes at a lower level than pre-crisis functioning

Front 11

THREE TYPES OF CRISIS

Back 11

1. MATURATIONAL/DEVELOPMENTAL

2. SITUATIONAL

3. ADVENTITIOUS

Front 12

MATURATIONAL/DEVELOPMENTAL CRISIS

Back 12

Associated w/ expected normal and predictable growth and development, requiring role changes in these transitional periods.

Front 13

SITUATIONAL CRISIS

Back 13

Unexpected crisis that originates from environmental, personal, physical or psychosocial.

Front 14

ADVENTITIOUS CRISIS

Back 14

AKA SOCIAL CRISIS

Includes disasters like floods earthquakes or hurricanes, terrorist attacks, riots and violent crimes.

Front 15

PHASES OF CRISIS

Back 15

1. PRE-CRIS PHASE

2. IMPACT PHASE

3. CRISIS

4. RESOLUTION

5. POST CRISIS

Front 16

PRE-CRISIS PHASE

Back 16

State of equilibrium

Front 17

IMPACT PHASE

Back 17

High level of stress w/ confusion and possible panic

Front 18

CRISIS PHASE

Back 18

Ineffective and disorganized behaviour

avoids or withdraws or denies a problem

Front 19

RESOLUTION PHASE

Back 19

Acknowledge and attempts to solve problem successfuly leadingto less anxiety

Front 20

POST CRISIS PHASE

Back 20

Achieves higher level of maturity and new coping skills

Front 21

CRISIS INTERVENTION

Back 21

Active but temporary entry into the life situation during crisis w/ the goals to be PARE:

P- protect client from additional stress and other harm

A- assist clients in organizing and mobilizing resources and support system

R- return to pre-crisis state or higher level of functioning

E- eliminate emotional stress

Front 22

TWO TYPES OF INTERVENTION

Back 22

1. Directive

2. Supportive

Front 23

DIRECTIVE INTERVENTION

Back 23

to assess the individual health status and promote problem solving; offering new information, raising self-esteem through positive feedback.

Front 24

SUPPORTIVE INTERVENTION

Back 24

Deals with person's need for empathic understanding.

Encouraging to identify and discuss feelings and affirming self-worth

Front 25

COPING MECHANISM

Back 25

constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific internal and external demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of a person

Front 26

TYPES OF COPING MECHANISM

Back 26

1.Primary

2.Secondary

Front 27

PRIMARY APPRAISAL

Back 27

Initial response to stressor and the ultimate goal of prevailing over a situation or effectively managing a given situation

Front 28

SECONDARY APPRAISAL

Back 28

emerging response w/ the goal to assess coping resources options and choices

Front 29

MENTAL HEALTH

Back 29

refers to the ability of people to respond adaptively to internal and external stimuli

Front 30

MENTAL ILLNESS

Back 30

mental disorder or condition manifested by disorganization and impairment of fxn that arises from various causes such as psychologic,neurological and genetic factors.

Front 31

DEFENSE MECHANISM

Back 31

Ego defense mechanism

Unconscious protective barriers that are used to manage instinct and affect in the presence of difficult situations

They may distort, falsify, or deny reality

Front 32

TYPES OF DEFENSE MECHANISM

Back 32

1. Sublimation

2. Reaction Formation

3. Rationalization

4. Projections

5. Repression

6. Suppression

7. Regression

8. Undoing

9. Compensation

10. Denial

11. Displacement

12. Identification

13. Introjection

14. Conversion

15. Dissociation

16. Intellectualization

Front 33

SUBLIMATION

Back 33

Diversion of unacceptable instinctual drives into personqlly and socially acceptable areas to help channel forbiden impulse to constructive activities.

Front 34

REACTION FORMATION

Back 34

assuming attitudes and behaviours that one conciously rejects

Front 35

RATIONALIZATION

Back 35

attempting to justify or modify unacceptable needs and feelings to the ego in an effort to maintain self respect and prevent guilt

Front 36

PROJECTION

Back 36

attributing one's own unacceptable feelings and thoughts to others

Front 37

REPRESSION

Back 37

an involuntary, automatic submerging of painful unpleasant thoughts and feelings into the unconcious

Front 38

SUPRESSION

Back 38

internal exclusion of forbidden ideas and anxiety producing situations from concious level.

a voluntary forgetting and postponing

Operating im the unconcious

Front 39

REGRESSION

Back 39

retreat to an earlier, more cofortable level of adjustment.

Front 40

UNDOING

Back 40

actual of symbolic attempt to erase a previously conciously intolerable experience or action in an attempt to repair feeling and actions that have created guilt and anxiety

Front 41

COMPENSATION

Back 41

attempting to make up for or ofdset defficiency

either real of imagined by concentrating or developing other attributes

Front 42

DENIAL

Back 42

blocking out or disowning painful thoughts or feelings

Front 43

DISPLACEMENT

Back 43

feelings are transfered or re-directed or discharged from the appropriate person or object to a less threatening person or object

Front 44

IDENTIFICATION

Back 44

attempting to pattern or resemble the personality of an admired idealized person

Front 45

INTROJECTION

Back 45

unconciously integrating the beliefs and values of another individualinto one's own ego structure

Front 46

CONVERSION

Back 46

the unconscious expression of intrapsychic conflict symbolically through physical symptoms

Front 47

DISSOCIATION

Back 47

Expression or dealing w/ emotional conflict through a temporary alteration in consciousness or identity

Front 48

INTELLECTUALIZATION

Back 48

an attempt to avoid expressing emotions related to stressful event through the intellectual processes of logic, reasoning and analysis

Front 49

STAGES OF STRESS-ADAPTATION SYNDROME

Back 49

1. Alarm rxn

2. Resistance

3.Exhaustion

Front 50

STAGE 1. ALARM REACTION

Back 50

Mobilization of the body's defense for possible "fight and flight" rxn.

PHYSICAL CHANGES:

1. Norepinephrine and epeniphrine secretion

2. Vasoconstriction

3. Increased BP

4. Increased HR

5. Increased cardiac contraction

6. Increased hormone levels

7. Adrenal gland enlargement

8. Marked loss of body weight

9. Irritation of gastric mucosa

10. Shrinking of spleen, thymus and lymph nodes

PSYCHOSOCIAL CHANGES

1. Increased alertness level

2. Increased anxiety level

3. Task-oriented, defense-oriented, inefficient/maladaptive behaviour

Front 51

STAGE 2. RESISTANCE

Back 51

Optimal adaptation to stress w/in personal capabilities

PHYSICAL CHANGES:

1. Adjustment of hormone levels

2. Reduced activity and size of adreanal cortex

3. Normalization of lymph node size

4. Normalization size

PSYCHOSOCIAL CHANGES:

1. Increased/intensified use of coping mechanism

2. Reliance on defense-oriented behavior

3.Psychomatic behavior

Front 52

STAGE 3. EXHAUSTION

Back 52

Loss of ability to resist stress due to depletion of body resources: fight, flight or immobilization occurs

PHYSICAL CHANGES:

1. Decreased immune response

2. Decrease adrenal hormone production

3. Weight loss

4. Enlarged lymph nodes

5. Dysfunctional lymphatic sysytem

6 If continuous exposure: cardiac failure, renal failure or death

PSYCHOSOCIAL CHANGES:

1. Exagerated defense-oriented behaviours

2. Disorganization of thingking and personality, illusions, delusions and hallucinations

3. If continuous: Stuper or violence

3.