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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
persuasive speech
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a speech that aims to influence audience members' beliefs, attitudes, or actions
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strategic discourse
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the process of selecting arguments that will best achieve a speaker's rhetorical purpose in an ethical manner
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fact claims
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a statement asserting that something is true or false.
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value claims
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a statement that attaches a judgement to a subject.
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policy claims
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a statement that advocates action by organizations, institutions, or members of the audience.
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latitude of acceptance
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the range of positions on a given issue that acceptable to the audience
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latitude of rejection
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the range of positions on a given issue that are unacceptable to the audience
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boomerang effect
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the act of pushing an audience more firmly into their previously held beliefs.
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needs
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the objects an audience desires and the feelings that must be satisfied
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values
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people's core conceptions about what is desirable for their own lives and for society
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two-sided argument
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an argument in which the speaker acknowledges an argument against his or her thesis
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core beliefs
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long and closely held viewpoints that are particularly immune to persuasion
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peripheral beliefs
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viewpoints that people do not hold closely as core beliefs and that they may not have had for a long time.
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motivated sequence
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a persuasive organizational pattern that is structured around five main points
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ethos
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inspiring belief in an audience by conveying a sense of speaker's knowledge, honesty, trustworthiness, experience, authority, etc
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competence
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knowledge and experience in a subject
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trustworthiness
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the characteristic of exhibiting honesty and fairness
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goodwill
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speakers wanting what is best for their audience rather than what would most benefit themselves
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logos
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the sound reasoning that supports a speaker's claims and makes the argument more persuasive to an audience
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evidence
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information gathered from credible research sources that helps a speaker support his or her claims
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fallacious reasoning
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a type of faulty reasoning in which the link between a claim and its supporting material is weak
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inductive reasoning
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generalizing from facts, instances, or examples then making a claim based on that generalization
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example reasoning
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presenting specific instances to support a general claim
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representative examples
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instances that are typical of the class they represent
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comparison reasoning
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arguing that two instances are similar enough that what is true for one is likely to be true for the other
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casual reasoning
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arguing that one event has caused another
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post hoc fallacy
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incorrectly naming the cause of one event as the event that immediately preceded it
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reversed casualty
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missing the fact that the effect is actually the cause
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sign reasoning
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arguing that a fact is true because indirect indicators are consistent with that fact
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ad populum fallacy
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implies that because a large number of people are engaging in an activity, everyone should
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straw person fallacy
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substituting a real claim with a weaker claim that a speaker can more easily refute
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slippery slope fallacy
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arguing against a policy because one assumes that the policy will inevitably lead to another outcome that is undesirable
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false dilemma fallacy
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a speaker incorrectly claiming that there are only two possible choices to solve a problem, that one of them is wrong, and the audience should therefore support the speaker's solution.
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appeal to tradition fallacy
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arguing that a practice or policy is good because people have followed it for a long time
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pathos
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appealing to an audience's emotions
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fear appeal
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a form of pathos in which an argument arouses fear in the minds of audience members.
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