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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children
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family
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a social bond based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption
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kinship
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a legal relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, sexual activity, and child bearing
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marriage
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a family composed of parents and children as well as other kin; also know as a consanguine family
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extended family
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a family composed of one or two parents and there children; also know as a conjugal family
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nuclear family
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marriage between people of the same social category
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endogamy
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marriage between people of different social categories
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exogamy
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marriage that unites two partners
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monogamy
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marriage that unites a person with two or more spouses
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polygamy
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the system by which members of a society trace kinship over generations
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descent
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a norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives
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incest taboo
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marriage between people with the same social characteristics
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homogamy
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emotional, physical, or sexual abuse of one family member by another
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family violence
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the sharing of a household by an unmarried couple
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cohabitation
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included as a part of everyday life
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profane
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liberation theology
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the combining of Christian principles with political activism, often Marxist in character
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set apart as extraordinary, inspiring awe and reverence
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sacred
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a social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred
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religion
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belief based on conviction rather than on scientific evidence
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faith
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an object in the natural world collectively defined as sacred
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totem
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a religious organization that is well integrated into the larger society
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church
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a church formally linked to the state
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state church
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a church, independent of the state, that recognizes religious pluralism
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denomination
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a religious organization that stands apart from the larger society
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sect
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extraordinary personal qualities that van infuse people with emotion and turn them into followers
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charisma
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a religious organization that is largely outside a society's cultural traditions
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cult
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the belief that element of the natural world are conscious life forms that affect humanity
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animism
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the importance of religion in a person's life
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religiosity
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the historical decline in the importance of the supernatural and the sacred
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secularization
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a quasi-religious loyalty binding individuals in a basically secular society
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civil religion
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Patterns that determine where couples live
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• In pre-industrial societies: Matrilocality and/or Patrilocality
• In industrial societies: Neolocality |
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(Macro-level analysis) Structural-functional analysis of families
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1. Socialization
2. Regulation of sexual activity 3. Social placement 4. Material and emotional security |
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Stages of family life
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o Courtship and Romantic love
o Ideal and Real marriage o Raising Children o Later Life |
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Transition in family
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o Divorce (Causes of Divorce & Who Divorces?)
o Remarriage and Blended Families o Family Violence |
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Causes of divorce
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1. individualism on the rise
2. romantic love fades 3. women are less dependent on men 4. stressful marriages 5. divorce has become socially acceptable 6. legally, a divorce is easier to get |
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Who divorces?
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young couples, marriages after unplanned pregnancies, unreligious people, people whose parents go through a divorce
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alternate family forms
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o One-parent families
o Cohabitation o Gay and Lesbian Couples o Singlehood |
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Structural-Functionalist Analysis in religion (Durkheim)
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o Totem: an object of the natural world collectively defined as sacred through religion, we celebrate the power of our society
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functions of religion
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• Social cohesion
• Social control • Providing meaning and purpose |
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Symbolic-Interaction Analysis in religion (Peter Berger)
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• Meanings, labels, and definitions found within each religion and how these meanings, labels, and definitions shape our identity and our interactions
• Religion places life in a “cosmic frame of reference” |
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Social-Conflict Analysis in religion (Marx)
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• Religion: an illusion maintained and perpetuated by the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production)
• Religion: “the opiate of the masses” • Religion legitimizes inequality and perpetuates the status quo • Religion endorses patriarchy |
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Religion and Social Change (Weber)
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• Protestantism and Capitalism
• Religion has promoted social change and social equality • Religion was the driving force behind the development of Capitalism • “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism” o Liberation Theology: fusion of Christian principles and political activism |
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types of religious organizations
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o Church (State Church and Denomination)
o Sect o Cult |
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religion in the U.S.
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o Religiosity: the importance of religion in a person’s life
o Religiosity can be measured in a number of ways: self-identification, “How often do you? Attend church, worship, pray, etc… |
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religion in changing society
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o Changing Affiliation
o Secularization: the historical decline in the importance of the supernatural and the sacred (a move away from religion and tradition toward more emphasis/greater reliance on science) o Civil Religion: loyalty binding people in a basically secular society…Example: Patriotism o “New Age” Seekers o Religious Revival o Fundamentalism o Religious Fundamentalism is distinctive in 5 ways: ➢ Interpret sacred texts literally ➢ Reject religious pluralism ➢ Pursue the personal experience of God’s presence ➢ Oppose “secular” humanism” ➢ Endorse conservative political goals |
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The family is a social institution found in?
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every society
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What is the term sociologists use for a group containing parents, children, and other kin?
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extended family
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Sociologists claim that marriage in the U.S. follows the principle of homogamy, which means that partners are?
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people who are socially alike in terms of class, age, and race
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Which theoretical approach states that people select partners who have about the same to offer as they do?
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the social-exchange approach
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In the U.S., many latino families are characterized by?
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strong extended kinship, parents exerting a great deal of control over their children's courtship, and traditional gender rolls
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What term did Emile Durkheim use to describe the everyday aspects of our lives?
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profane
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Peter beger claims that we are most likely to turn religion where we experience?
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important events that are out of our control
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Which type of religious organization is most integrated into the larger society?
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church
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A sect is a religious organization that?
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stands apart from the larger society
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The term "secularization" refers to what?
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a decline in the importance of religion and the sacred
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