Sociology Exam 3

Front 1

3 waves of immigration?

Back 1

Classic Era (1901-1930)
Long Hiatus (1931-1970)
New Regime (1971-now)

Front 2

Classic Era, 1901-1930
the first wave

Back 2

-part of 50 yr period
-19 mil. to US
-80% Europeans
-shift to Southern/Eastern Euros
-US Industrialization pull
-Asian immigration restrictions
-myths created

Front 3

Gentleman's Agreement (1907)

Back 3

agreements b/t Japan and U.S. after 1906 Asian segregation passed in U.S.
-U.S. agrees to lift Asian regulations
-Japan agrees not to make anymore U.S. passports for Japanese

Front 4

Restriction of Asian immigrants

Back 4

-Gentleman's Agreement 1907
-Alien Lands Acts 1911+1913
-Asiatic Barred Zones
-Restriction of Asian women

Front 5

Page Law 1875

Back 5

forbid Chinese prostitutes from entering U.S., all Asian women accused of this and great reduction of Asian women immigrants to U.S., created stereotype of Asian women as sluts, introduced sexual stereotypes into Asian racism and "differences"

Front 6

Long Hiatus 1931-1970

Back 6

-1921 and 1924 quota laws restricted European and Asian immigrants
-U.S. wanted more North/West Euros
-drastic decrease of Euro immigrants
-immigration from the Americas increased
-Mexican labor encouraged (they could work and be deported easily)
-WWI and II, and depression impact
-South/East Euros labeled as stupid

Front 7

New Regime 1971-now

Back 7

-immigration from Europe really slowed b/c need for European war reconstruction and quotas +US economy bad
-1965 ammendments to Immigration and Nationality Act
*120,000 per year
*minor children from L.A. can't sponsor parent's immigration
*IRCA repealled Texas Proviso and now employers were penalized for hiring illegals
*ended ban on Asians- loss of Vietnam war, national origin country quotas, and discriminatory acts
*Latin American immigration increased despite new quotas
*1st time Asians and latins outnumbered Euro immigrants

Front 8

role of long hiatus in US immigration in assimilation

Back 8

gave Euros long time to assimilate, economic boom made it easier on pre-hiatus established immigrants, Chinese and filipinos gained a lot of equality and acceptance, acceptance and new view of Japanese
-war brides act 1945

Front 9

Optional Ethinicity

Back 9

ethnicity becomes nonexistent in 3rs/4th generation and these people can choose their ethnicity,
a result of ethnic mixing for white americans

Front 10

Symbolic ethnicity

Back 10

replaced actual ethnicity, no tangible connection since there are no expectations to behave or act according to their ethinicity.

Front 11

Page Law and consequences

Back 11

-created disparity b/t Asian men and women
-created asian stereotypes (docile, effeminate, asexual men and slutty evil women)
-US citizen could lose citizenship for marrying an alien ineligible for citizenship
-connnection between Patriarchy and racism for men

Front 12

bachelor societies

Back 12

domestic arrangement for Asian male laborers due to transnational families and few Asian women in U.S.
-these men formed fraternal communities
-lots of gambling and drinking but some sense of family (issei men)
-women highly valued

Front 13

Transnational families

Back 13

most asian men had wives/families back home,
sent letters/$ to them

Front 14

3 types of work performed by Asians in pre WWII era:
prostitution, domestic service, self-employment

Back 14

coolieism- non-unionized, dead-end jobs in agriculture and service industries for lowest group (chinese/blacks)
laborers, factory workers, laundrymen, small merchants, farm workers, prostittues

Front 15

stereotyped of Asian men based on work

Back 15

subservient, non-masculine, inferior (diong women's domesticated jobs like cleaning and laundry)

Front 16

Japanese Internment (1941-1946)

Back 16

100,000 japanese relocated to internment camps, forced into terrible living conditions

Front 17

outcomes of japanese internment on Japanese communities and families

Back 17

male breadwinner idea was abolished, disturbed parent-child relations (issei-nissei)-no respect for parents, wanting to let go of Issei ethnicity and culture, 2nd generation more powerful,
gave women free time and freedoms like marrying for love

Front 18

outcomes of Japanese internment on non-Japanese Asians

Back 18

Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Koreans all became accepted by society.
-reworked internal social structures
-massive labor force entry
-many filipinos and chinese drafted
-posititive asian images arose allowing non-Japanese to assimilate

Front 19

importance of controlling images

Back 19

theyshape the views of oneself into either self-fulfilling prophecies or they make life about defying the image.
-given and spread by elites to rationalize oppression of others by labeling them inferior

Front 20

Yellow Peril

Back 20

fear of take-over, rats needing to be watched/controlled/exterminated, fear of military invasion and labor takeover. Fear of intermarriage.
examples-
yellow face, fu man chu, emasculate/homosexual, devients

Front 21

Questioned Manhood

Back 21

men portrayed as homosexual and contrasted with images of other races being oversexual and manly

Front 22

Asian women images

Back 22

dragon lady-cunning/deceivingly beautiful
lotus blossum- docile
*all show asian women as overly sexual, untrustworthy, submissive, giggling/silent
*white male exploitation over women and men

Front 23

model minority- late 1960's took off in 80's

Back 23

4 traits:
hardworking, intelligent/educated, economically successful, assimilating
3 problems:
1. generalization that is misleading and false
2. statistics used are misleading and don't include all asians
3. has negative consequences on refugees/asian americans struggling
-blames other minorities for their own problems
-AFAMs had it harder
-mexicans under harsher circumstances

Front 24

Treaty of guadalupe-Hidalgo 1848

Back 24

-US annexation of Texas
-peace treaty after mexican-american war
-mexico ceded 55% of land

Front 25

results of treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo that are still relevant

Back 25

1. made many mexicans U.S. citizens and property rights ignored
2.created poverty-stricken Mexicand and Indians in U.S.
3.Crippled Mexico's economy

Front 26

3 waves of mexican immigration to U.S.

Back 26

1. early 1900's= revolution and U.S. wartime economy caused big seasonal influx
2. 1940s=braceros
3. 1994 and byond=NAFTA

Front 27

Bracero Program

Back 27

1940s 2nd wave of mexi immigration.
wartime industries, 5 mil. came and less than 1 mil. stayed, Mexican exploitation

Front 28

idea of NAFTA

Back 28

1994, make trade easier for everything, boost Mexican economy, and decrease immigration

Front 29

effects of NAFTA

Back 29

-only benefited buyers/sellers/producers not the laborers
-increased mexican immigration
-tortilla crisis/maquiladoras

Front 30

tortilla crisis

Back 30

result of nafta. Influx of U.S. corn products ruined mexican corn growers, huge profits for US corn growers, price of tortillas triples and its 60% of mexicans' caloric intake

Front 31

Maquiladoras

Back 31

foreign-owned factories on Mexican side of the border made to increase mexican job market.
-created migration to border
-supply+demand issue
-drives wages down $4 a day
-jobs lost on US side of border to exploit cheap labor

Front 32

Transnational capital

Back 32

-Robinson: free movement of capital, restricted movement of workers
-businesses move and operate across nations
-bad for workers, but economies rely on vulnerable working class

Front 33

Transnational capital and NAFTA

Back 33

-rise of free trade relies on low wage workers to exploit
(they need jobs b/c stronger nations have taken over small-time jobs)
-700 walmarts in mexico
-labor is only a gain for economy
-US relies on cheap, deportable, unclaimable work force

Front 34

colorblind racism
(bonilla-silva)

Back 34

idea that color is unimportant and shouldn't be the basis for social judgments, but it's an abstract principle that doesn't hold true to practice

Front 35

Gallagher's argument on Colorblind racism

Back 35

-idea of buying a culture (music, clothes, food)
-ignores power relations or social acceptance
-we believe what the media shows

Front 36

Guinier and Torres-
colorblind=impossible
3 rules

Back 36

1. race IS all about skin color
2. Recognizing race is the same as holding onto notions of racial biology
3. racism is a personal problem
conclusion- colorblind idealogy masks inequality