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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anomie
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The loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective.
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applied sociology
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The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations.
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basic sociology
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Sociological inquiry conducted with the objective of gaining a more profound knowledge of the fundamental aspects of social phenomena. Also known as pure sociology.
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clinical sociology
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The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions.
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conflict perspective
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A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or the allocation of resources (ex. housing, money, access to services, political representation).
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cultural capital
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Non-economic goods, such as family background and education, which are reflected in a knowledge of language and the arts.
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double consciousness
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The division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities.
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dramaturgical approach
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A view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers.
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dysfunction
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An element or process of a society that may disrupt the social system or reduce its stability.
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feminist view
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A sociological approach that views gender as central to all behavior and organization.
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functionalist perspective
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A sociological approach that emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability.
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globalization
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The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas.
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ideal type
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A construct or model for evaluating specific cases.
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interactionist perspective
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A sociological approach that generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole.
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latent function
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An unconscious or unintended function that may reflect hidden purposes.
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macrosociology
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Sociological investigation that concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations.
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manifest function
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An open, stated, and conscious function.
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microsociology
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Sociological investigation that stresses the study of small groups, often through experimental means.
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natural science
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The study of the physical features of nature and the ways in which they interact and change.
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nonverbal communication
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The sending of messages through the use of gestures, facial expressions, and postures.
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science
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The body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation.
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social capital
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The collective benefit of social networks, which are built on reciprocal trust.
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social inequality
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A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power.
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social science
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The study of the social features of humans and the ways in which they interact and change.
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sociological imagination
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An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society, both today and in the past.
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sociology
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The scientific study of social behavior and human groups.
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theory
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In sociology, a set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behavior.
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verstehen
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"Understanding" or "insight" - used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account the subjective meanings people attach to their actions.
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causal logic
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The relationship between a condition or variable and a particular consequence, with one event leading to (causing) the other.
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code of ethics
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The standards of acceptable behavior developed by and for members of a profession.
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content analysis
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The systematic coding and objective recording of data, guided by some rationale.
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control group
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The subjects in an experiment who are not introduced to the independent variable by the researcher.
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control variable
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A factor that is held constant to test the relative impact of an independent variable.
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correlation
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A relationship between two variables in which a change in one coincides with a change in the other. This does not always mean causality.
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cross-tabulation
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A table or matrix that shows the relationship between two or more variables.
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dependent variable
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The variable in a causal relationship that is subject to the influence of another variable.
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ethnography
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The study of an entire social setting through extended systematic observation.
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experiment
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An artificially created situation that allows a researcher to manipulate variables.
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experimental group
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The subjects in an experiment who are exposed to an independent variable introduced by a researcher.
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Hawthorne effect
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The unintended influence that observers of experiments can have on their subjects.
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hypothesis
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A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
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independent variable
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The variable in a causal relationship that causes or influences a change in the second variable.
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interview
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A face-to-face or telephone questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information.
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mean
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A number calculated by adding a series of values and then dividing by the number of values - the average.
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median
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The midpoint or number that divides a series of values into two groups which are made up of equal numbers of values.
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mode
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The single most common value in a series of scores.
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