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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sociology
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the systematic study of human society
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sociology perspective
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the special point of view of sociology that ses general patterns of society in the lives of particular people
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global perspective
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the study of the larger world and our society's place in it
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high-income countries
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the nations with the highest overall standards of living
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middle-income countries
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nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole
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low-income countries
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nations with a low standard of living in which most people are poor
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positivism
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a way of understanding based on science
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theory
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a statement of how and why specific facts are related
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theoretical approach
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a basic image of society that guides thinking and research
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structural-functional approach
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a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote soldarity and stability
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social structure
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any relatively stable pattern of social behavior
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social functions
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the consequences of social pattern for the operation of society as a whole
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manifest function
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the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern
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latent functions
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the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern
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social dysfunction
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any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society
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social-conflict approach
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a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
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gender-conflict approach
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a point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between females and males
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feminism
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the advocacy of social equality
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race-conflict approach
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a point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories
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macro-level orientation
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a broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole
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micro-level orientation
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a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations
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symbolic-interaction approach
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a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
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science
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a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation
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scientific sociology
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the study of society based on systematic observation of social behavior
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empirical evidence
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information we can verify with our senses
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concept
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a mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form
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variable
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a concept whose value changes from case to case
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measurement
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a procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case
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reliability
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consistency in measurement
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validity
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actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure
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correlation
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a relationship in which two (or more) variables change together
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cause and effect
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a relationship in which change in one variable (the independent variable) causes change in another variable (the depedent variable)
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interpretive sociology
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the study of society that focuses on the meanings people attach to their social world
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critical sociology
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the study of society that focuses on the need for social change
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gender
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the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male
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research method
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a systematic plan for doing research
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experiment
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a reserach method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions
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survey |
a research method in which subjects responsd to a series of statements or questions in a questionnaire or an interview
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participant observation
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a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities
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stereotype
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an exaggerated description applied to every person in some category
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