Soc. Psych. 9 Social Influence

Front 1

Participants in Milgram’s obedience study often asked who would be responsible if something went wrong with the learner. The experimenter was trained to reply that he would take responsibility. This response seemed to have the effect of increasing obedience because

Back 1

the participants felt less confusion and stress because their actions seemed justified.

Front 2

People conform under the pressure of normative social influence in order to

Back 2

avoid painful social sanctions like rejection.

Front 3

According to the negative state relief hypothesis, under what conditions are participants who are made to feel upset or guilty in a study most likely to donate money to a charity?

Back 3

if they are still in a negative mood at the time of the request for a donation

Front 4

Your textbook relates a story about a group of German soldiers who had volunteered for police duty to avoid the violence of war. When those soldiers ended up in Poland and were ordered to execute a group of Polish Jews, the soldiers—like most of Milgram’s participants—

Back 4

made feeble attempts to disobey.

Front 5

Jordan first asks his friends to participate in a psychological experiment that runs from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. on a Saturday. They all say no. Then Jordan asks if they could maybe just come for the most important part of the study, which is from 10:00 a.m. until 11:00 a.m. on Saturday. Most actually agree, despite the fact that it is usually extremely difficult to get Jordan’s friends to wake up earlier than noon on Saturdays. Jordan has implemented what compliance technique?

Back 5

door-in-the-face

Front 6

According to the analysis in your textbook, what is the most likely outcome if Milgram had started his obedience study at 300 volts—the point at which the learner screamed and/or pounded on the wall?

Back 6

Very few participants would have agreed to obey, because stopping the study would be the clear and obviously correct action.

Front 7

Isen and Levin (1972) first gave their participants cookies to put them in a good mood. Then they asked the participants to help out with the next study by serving as confederates who would either help the true experimental participant or hinder the true participant. The results of this study were interpreted to suggest that

Back 7

people are more likely to comply with a request if the action will maintain their good mood.

Front 8

If Dave does Mark a favor, then Mark is more likely to later agree to help Dave out. This reflects

Back 8

the norm of reciprocity.

Front 9

According to Sherif’s experiment with the autokinetic effect,

Back 9

people are likely to use one another’s judgments as guides when asked to make ambiguous decisions.

Front 10

Fiona is from Norway. She and JoAnne, who is from the United States, are both experiencing the pressures of informational social influence. Who is more likely to be swayed by such influence and why?

Back 10

Fiona, because Norway is a more interdependent culture than the United States

Front 11

In which condition did participants in the Milgram obedience studies exhibit the most obedience?

Back 11

remote feedback condition

Front 12

Unlike Asch’s line study, the task in Sherif’s autokinetic effect study involved

Back 12

ambiguity.

Front 13

In Pretty Woman, Julia Roberts’s character is given snails to eat at a fancy restaurant. She does not know which utensil to use to eat the snails or how to use the utensil, so she watches the other people at the table and modifies her behavior to be consistent with their actions. This is best thought of as an example of

Back 13

informational social influence.

Front 14

Members of various fraternities are asked to participate in a group problem-solving task. The researchers find that solutions proposed by officers of the fraternity generate more agreement among other group members than solutions generated by younger members who are not officers. One reason for this may be that

Back 14

the officers are perceived as having higher status and, thus, they are more able to exert normative social influence.

Front 15

The decision to stop the experiment was difficult for participants in Milgram’s obedience studies because

Back 15

Both a and b are correct.

Front 16

During a conversation with John, Tanya unconsciously leans forward in her seat. Also unconsciously, John then leans forward in his seat. This is an example of

Back 16

automatic mimicry.

Front 17

At the beginning of the film Twelve Angry Men, eleven members of a jury are ready to vote "guilty" and one member of the jury wants to vote "not guilty." By the time the movie ends, everyone on the jury ends up voting "not guilty." According to the research reviewed in this chapter, what is the most likely persuasive strategy used by the lone man who voted "not guilty" from the beginning?

Back 17

He probably consistently stuck by his opinion and consistently argued against points brought up by other jury members.

Front 18

Research suggests that

Back 18

women are slightly more susceptible to social influence than men because they are more interdependent, but this is offset by women generally having more certainty in social interactions.

Front 19

According to the Asch line studies, which of the following is a good strategy to avoid succumbing to normative social influence attempts?

Back 19

have an ally

Front 20

While working on her final paper for her psychology class, Tiffany realizes that she is probably going to exceed the stated page limit in the assignment. She asks several of her classmates what to do and receives differing advice. A group of upperclassmen who are psychology majors tell Tiffany to go ahead and exceed the page limit. A group of close friends tell Tiffany to stick with the assigned page limit. If we assume that Tiffany is being swayed by informational social influence pressures, which group is she more likely to listen to?

Back 20

the psychology majors