Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Schirmer Tear Test normal range |
15-25 mm |
|
SQ fluids how many ml's per kg |
10-20 ml/kg |
|
SQ fluid absorption rate |
6-8 hours, up to 24-36 hours |
|
2 intranasal vaccines |
Bordetella bronchiseptica and Feline FVRCP |
|
3 techniques for SQ fluids |
1.syringe and needle, or butterfly catheter 2. Syringe and needle with flexible tubing 3. Bag with extension set |
|
The size needle used for SQ fluids |
18 gauge |
|
How are topical/transdermal medications activated |
By heat |
|
5 common ear problems |
Mites, Bacterial otitis, Yeast infection (Malassezia), Chronic allergy otitis, Aural hematoma |
|
2 ways to perform a skin culture |
1. Culture with syringe 2. Culturette |
|
What parasite is the scotch tape method used to find |
Cheylettiella |
|
The 6 main things tested for in a urinalysis |
proteins, glucose, ketones, RBC's, bilirubin, pH |
|
What age can dogs be vaccinated for Rabies, Borrelia, and Leptospirosis |
12 weeks |
|
What age can dogs be vaccinated for Bordetella |
8 weeks |
|
Tonopen normal range |
10-25 |
|
Tonopon range indicating glaucoma |
>25 |
|
Tonopen range indicating anterior uveitis |
<10 |
|
2 Non-core feline vaccines |
FelV (Feline leukemia Virus) and FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus) |
|
What does NSF stand for on a SOAP |
No significant findings |
|
What does ENT stand for on a SOAP |
Ears, nose, and throat |
|
2 blood draw sites for snakes/lizards |
Ventral coccygeal vein and heart |
|
Blood draw site for "hot" (poisonous) snake |
Palatine vein |
|
Maximum amount of blood that can be drawn from an animal |
No more than 10% of body weight |
|
Arterial blood collection site |
Femoral artery |
|
How long to hold off after arterial blood collection |
2 minutes |
|
Which tube do we use for serum and procedure |
Red Top/Tiger Top Clot 15-30 minutes, centrifuge 10-15 minutes, refrigerate (no additives in tube) 24-48 hours, freeze indefinately |
|
Where do we draw blood from birds (2 sites) |
The wing vein or the RIGHT jugular |
|
FIV vaccine dosage timetable |
3 doses and an annual booster |
|
FelV vaccine dosage timetable |
2 doses and an annual booster |
|
2 CORE feline vaccines |
Rabies and FVRCP |
|
Feline and Canine Rabies vaccine dosage schedule |
Over 12 weeks of age... dose, 1 year booster, booster every 1-3 years depending upon local laws |
|
FVRCP dosage schedule if begun at 6 weeks of age |
3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, booster at one year, booster at 3 years |
|
FVRCP dosage schedule if begun at 16 weeks of age |
2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, booster at one year, booster at 3 years |
|
DA2PP vaccine dosage schedule if begun under 16 weeks of age |
3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, booster at one year, booster at 3 years |
|
DA2PP vaccine dosage schedule if begun at 16 weeks of age |
One dose, booster at one year, booster at 3 years |
|
Can Leptospirosis vaccine be combined with Distemper |
Yes |
|
3 Non-core canine vaccines |
Borrelia burgdorferi, Leptospirosis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica |
|
Can ferrets get canine distemper virus |
Yes |
|
Can ferrets receive canine distemper vaccine |
No |
|
DA2PP does not prevent, but limits the severity of what 3 diseases? |
Hepatitis, Parvo, and Parainfluenza |
|
What helps with a blood draw on a fractious animal |
Use a butterfly catheter |
|
2 reasons to administer a drug intrarectally |
Seizures, Vomiting |
|
How far in to administer a drug intrarectally |
approximately 5 cm, or 1/2 an index finger |
|
3 Important considerations when administering topical drugs |
1. Wear gloves! 2. Rotate application sites 3. If using a patch, wrap with paper or cover in litter, ziploc bag, then toss |
|
How do we perform an allergy test on cats |
Blood testing |
|
How do we perform allergy test on dogs |
Intradermal skin injection test |
|
What size needle is used to perform allergy test on dogs |
25 gauge or 27 gauge |
|
When do we check a dog for reaction post allergy test |
24 hours later |
|
IP injection site for cats and dogs - which side |
Either side -STERILE PREP! |
|
Typical needle size for IM injections/blood draws |
20 gauge - 22 gauge |
|
IM injection sites dog/cat |
Triceps, Quadriceps, Semi mems/tens, Lumbosacral (Epaxial) |
|
Term for medication going outside of a vein |
Perivascular |
|
IV/blood draw sites for cats/dogs |
Jugular, Cephalic, DOGS- lateral saphenous, CATS- femoral |
|
What is the most common route used for most canine/feline vaccines |
SQ |
|
How long does an IP injection site euthenasia take to take effect |
15 minutes |
|
Why do we apply alcohol before a blood draw |
Parts hair, causes vasodilation for better visualization |
|
2 reasons to use a 25 or 28 gauge needle for blood collection |
Fragile vessels or frequent draws (glucose) |
|
Which tube do we use for plasma and technique |
Green Top. Centrifuge 10 minutes, use or refrigerate within one hour |
|
Definition of serum |
Fluid portion of the blood with clotting factors removed |
|
Definition of plasma |
Fluid portion of the blood with the cells suspended |
|
Most important consideration when dealing with a dog with Parvovirus |
Quarantine! |
|
4 Signs of full anal sacs |
1. Scooting 2. Excessive licking 3. Discharge 4. Foul odor |
|
What do we use to stop bleeding from nail trim |
Silver nitrate sticks |
|
3 Reasons to perform an enema |
1. To remove feces 2. To administer TX/Meds 3. Diagnostic testing (Radiographs) |
|
3 SAFE enema's to use |
1. Soap and water 2. Glycerin and water 3. Commercial enemas WITHOUT phosphates |
|
Why are commercial enemas containing phosphates dangerous for dogs/cats? |
May cause hypocalcemia |
|
4 Clinical signs of Diabetes Mellitus |
1. PU/PD 2. Decreased weight 3.Increased appetite 4.Lens opacities (dogs) |
|
What causes Diabetes Mellitus |
The pancreas not producing enough insulin to help glucose move into the cells |
|
Define crackles/rales |
Short, popping sounds |
|
Define wheezes |
Long, musical sounds |
|
Define stridor |
Snoring, squeaking, or whistling |
|
5 Rights to observe before medicating |
1. Correct patient 2. Correct drug 3. Correct dose 4. Correct route 5. Correct time |
|
What does specific gravity of urine tell us |
Hydration status |
|
4 ways to collect urine sample |
1. Voided (free catch) 2. Manual expression 3. Cystocentesis 4. Catheterization |
|
3 ways to perform skin biopsy |
1. Wedge incision 2. Cutaneous punch 3. Fine needle aspirate |
|
Define dermatophyte |
Superficial fungus on skin |
|
How to test for dermatophytes |
Small tuft of hair, dermatophyte test medium, incubate 7-10 days, NO LIGHT |
|
4 Reasons an eye culture is performed |
1. Chronic corneal ulcers 2. Purulent discharge 3. Conjunctivitis 4. Bacterial/viral infections |
|
4 Things necessary for an ear FLUSH |
1. Sedation 2. Sterile saline 3. 6cc Syringe with Tom Cat Catheter 4. Auriflush system |
|
At what age do testes drop |
8 weeks to 6 months |
|
Which term is veterinary only and not to be used on Rx |
SID... should use Q24H |
|
Hyperpigmentation is most likely in what animal |
Cats with immune problems |
|
Comedones on feline chin most likely indicate what |
A plastic based allergy, most likely food dish |
|
FAD stands for |
Flea Allergy Dermatitis |
|
Telltale signs of FAD |
Hair thinning around backend/legs, chewing base of tail, moisture at base of tail |
|
During PE what are we examing in throat/larynx |
Coughing on or after palpation, pain/swelling, wheezing |
|
Nearest point a dog can focus with eyes |
30 cm |
|
Rabbit IV sites |
Jug, ear vein |
|
Guinea pig IV sites |
Jug (if asleep), Femoral |
|
Rat IP injection which side |
Left |
|
Mouse IP injection which side |
Right |
|
Feline FVRCP vax, which leg |
Front right |
|
Feline Rabies vax, which leg |
Right Rear |
|
Feline FelV vax, which leg |
Left rear |
|
This is an antiseizure drug |
Diazapam (Valium) |
|
Cat Temp range |
100 - 102.2 |
|
Cat Pulse range |
140 -220 bpm |
|
Cat Respiration range |
20 - 42 rpm |
|
Dog Temp Range |
100 - 102.2 |
|
Dog Pulse range |
60 - 160 bpm |
|
Dog Respiration range |
16 - 32 rpm |
|
An area of fur with reddish staining indicates what |
Evidence of licking |
|
Define crepitis |
Crackling of bones/joints |
|
Define menace reflex |
Blinking in response to movement towards the eye (no touching) |
|
Define palpebral reflex |
Blinking in response to the touch of the medial or lateral canthus of the eye |
|
What is knuckling |
Turning over an animals knuckles during neurological exam to see if animal rights this position |
|
When do puppies and kittens open eyes |
around 2 weeks of age |
|
What breed of dog is Distichia common in |
Spaniels |
|
3 Reasons to test intraocular pressure with tonopen |
1. Any red or painful eye 2. Known and controlled glaucoma 3. Predisposition to glaucoma |
|
Purulent ear discharge indicates what |
Bacterial infection |
|
2 Things that cause aural hematomas |
Head shaking/scratching and blunt force trauma |
|
Ear cytologies test for what 2 things |
Yeast (Malassezia) and Bacteria |
|
Ear smears test for what |
Ear mites |
|
What drug is used to treat Malassezia (yeast infection) |
Thiabendazole |
|
What drug is used to treat ear mites |
Ivermectin |
|
How many sites should be used for deep skin scrape test |
Atleast 3 |
|
What is CSU |
Colorado State University pain scoring scale |
|
Dogs temp can increase with excitement True or False |
True |
|
Comedones can become infected True or False |
True |
|
Define Anisocoria |
Unequal pupil size |
|
One thing that can help calm down a fear biter |
Dimming the lights |
|
Is there a cure for Felv or FIV |
No |
|
Why do we no longer give cat vaccinations SQ intrascalpular (between shoulder blades) |
Causes fibrosarcoma (cancerous tumor) |
|
2 CORE canine vaccines |
Rabies and DA2PP |
|
What are rabies booster protocols based on |
Local laws |
|
Rabies tag is proof of rabies vaccine True or False |
False |
|
Define opsipation |
Impaction - cannot express feces |
|
Define parenteral route |
Drug administration through routes other than GI route (oral/rectal)..... IM, IV, Transdermal, IN are all parenteral routes |
|
What size air bubble in a syringe is considered safe |
Less than 1 ml |
|
What 2 things does a rat's tail provide the rat
|
Balance and help with heat loss from the body
|
|
What 2 things are AZO test strips testing for |
Leukocytes and Nitrites |