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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition |
Reduce opportunities of crime 'Modifying the immediate conditions in which crimes are committed' Tilley 2009 'Make crimes more difficult and risky' Clarke 1997 |
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For crime to happen |
Motive + Opportunity eg Tylenol poisoned with cyanide. Mass murder motive, non tamper proof packaging opportunity |
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Crime Opportunity Theory |
Based on Rational Choice and Routine activity theory Opportunities are specific - depend on time, space and movement Some carry greater risks but more benefits Society unintentionally creates opportunities - eg handguns |
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Routine Activity Theory
Cohen and Felson 1979 |
Metatheory - framework for other theories Farrell 2005 - potential offender + suitable victim = crime Farrell 2005 - victim may suit robbery but not burglary Have to apply theory directly to type of crime |
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Rational Choice
Cornish and Clarke |
Decision making process on committing a crime - influenced by emotional pressure & intoxication
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Rational Choice
Bounded Rationality |
Simon 1996 - too ill informed to make a decision on benefits of committing a crime |
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Rational Choice
Benefits |
Farrell 2010 - 'benefits are often psychological or non monetary' Thrill, excitement, sex, power, control |
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25 Techniques of SCP
Cornish and Clarke |
Increase effort Increase risk Reduce rewards Reduce provocations Remove excuses |
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25 techniques of SCP
Examples |
security surveillance unmarked vans remove graffiti - reduce small crimes & prompts Rules and laws
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25 Techniques of SCP
Area |
Dependent on area. inner city or suburban for increase effort. Could be cctv and alarms on front doors in city but just an extra lock on back door for countryside. |
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Evaluation of SCP |
Ignores root cause BUT still prevents it Displacement - move on to other crimes BUT Diffusion of benefits - overestimating extent of scp - assume cctv is in all car parks not just the 1 CCTV infringes freedom but security doesn't eg car security |
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Evaluation of SCP |
Karmen 2009 - blames victim - gives advice which people welcome OMalley 1994 - security is costly. most isnt - unmarked vans Smallbone and Wortley 2006 - focuses on acquisitive crime but even sex offenders rely on opportunity |
