Shoulder Complex

Front 1

Three parts of the shoulder

Back 1

Humerus, clavicle, scapula

Front 2

Costal tuberosity provides an attachment for what? What bone is it located on?

Back 2

Costoclavicular ligament

Clavicle

Front 3

Which part of the clavicle articulates with the scapula?

Back 3

Acromial facet

Front 4

What two landmarks mark the interior surface of the lateral end of the clavicle?

Back 4

Conoid tubercle

Trapezoid line

Front 5

Three angles of the scapula

Back 5

Superior

Inferior

Lateral

Front 6

Borders of the scapula

Back 6

Medial/vertebral

Superior

Lateral/axillary

Front 7

Supraspinatus fossa

Back 7

Shallow indentation superior to the spine of the scapula.

Front 8

Infraspinatus fossa

Back 8

Shallow indentation inferior to the spine of the scapula posterior side

Front 9

Spine of scapula location

Back 9

Posterior side, splits posterior into the two fossas

Front 10

Root of the spine of the scapula

Back 10

Medial end of root, relatively flat compared to the rest of the spine

Front 11

Acromion process

Back 11

Lateral end of spine; broad and prominent, extends in a lateral and anterior direction forming horizontal shelf over glenoid fossa

Front 12

Clavicular facet of scapula

Back 12

Part of the acromiom, articulates with the clavicle. Forms AC

Front 13

Supraglenoid tubercle

Back 13

Located over the superior rim of the glenoid fossa. Attachment for biceps

Front 14

infraglenoid tubercle

Back 14

Located at the inferior rim of the glenoid fossa. Attachment for triceps

Front 15

Coracoid process

Back 15

Near superior rim of glenoid fossa

Front 16

The humeral head faces medially and superiorly, forms an approximate ____ degree angle of _______ with the shaft of the humerus

Back 16

135

Inclination

Front 17

Crest of the humerus

Back 17

Bony prominences which surround the anterior and lateral circumference of the proximal humerus

Front 18

Lesser tubercle of humerus. Location? Attachment for which muscle?

Back 18

Projects sharply for subscapularis attachment

Front 19

Greater tubercle of humerus

Back 19

Large and rounded- more lateral

Front 20

Intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus

Back 20

Between the crests

Front 21

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Back 21

Distal and lateral to the termination of the groove

Front 22

Radial (spiral) groove of humerus

Back 22

Run obliquely across the posterior surface

Front 23

Four joints of the shoulder

Back 23

Glenohumeral

Sternoclavicular

Acromioclavicular

Scapulothoracic (AC & SC)

Front 24

Difference between shoulder complex and shoulder girdle

Back 24

Complex: all joints

Girdle: Scapulothoracic joint (AC & SC)

Front 25

Movement of the GH joint ALWAYS requires _______ movement

Back 25

Scapular

Front 26

Some scapular movement, such as ______, always involves GH movement

Back 26

Rotation

Front 27

Scapular motion during elevation

Back 27

Scapula slide Superior on thorax

Front 28

depression

Scapulothoracic joint

Back 28

From an elevated position the scapula slides inferiorly

Front 29

Protraction (scapular abduction)

Scapulothoracic joint

Back 29

Medial border of scapula slides anterior-laterally on the thorax away from midline

Front 30

Retraction (scapular adduction)

Scapulothoracic joint

Back 30

Medial border of the scapula slides posterior-medially on the thorax toward midline (pinch scapula together)

Front 31

Upward rotation

Scapulothoracic joint

Back 31

Inferior angle of scapula rotates in the superior-lateral direction (occurs when arm moves overhead)

Front 32

Downward rotation

Scapulothoracic joint

Back 32

Inferior angle of the scapula rotates in an inferior-medial direction such that the glenoid fossa faces downward (arm adduction)

Front 33

The sternoclavicular joint function

Back 33

Acts as a prop to maintain scapula at a relatively fixed distance from the trunk

Front 34

SC joint is the basilar joint. What does this mean?

Back 34

It links the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton

Front 35

SC joint is what kind of joint?

Back 35

Saddle

Front 36

Medial clavicle is _____ along it's longitudinal diameter and _____ along it's transverse diameter

Back 36

Convex

Concave

Front 37

The clavicular facet of the sternum is ______ longitudinally and _____ transversely

Back 37

Concave

Convex

Front 38

Ligament that connects the clavicles

Back 38

Intraclavicular ligament (spans jugular notch)

Front 39

SC joint is stabilized by what three ligaments

Back 39

Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

Costoclavicular ligament

Front 40

What happens during elevation at the SC joint? Roll/slide. What plane?

Back 40

Convex head rolls superiorly and slides inferiorly on concave sternum

Frontal plane

Front 41

What happens during depression at the SC joint? Roll/slide. What plane?

Back 41

Head rolls inferiorly and slides superiorly

Frontal

Front 42

What happens during protraction at the SC joint? Roll/slide. What plane?

Back 42

Concave articular surface of clavicle rolls and slides anteriorly

Transverse plane

Front 43

What happens during retraction at the SC joint? Roll/slide. What plane?

Back 43

Concave articular of clavicle rolls and slides posteriorly on the convex surface of sternum

Transverse plane

Front 44

At the SC joint there is about ____ degrees of elevation and ____ degrees of depression

Back 44

45

10

Front 45

At the SC joint there is about ____-____ degrees of motion for retraction and protraction

Back 45

15-30

Front 46

What happens during axial (posterior) rotation at the SC joint? What plane?

Back 46

Involves spin

Sagittal plane

Posterior spin happens with shoulder flexion/extension

Front 47

Arthrokinematics can be described at which joints of the shoulder

Back 47

GH & SC. Not AC

Front 48

Ligaments that support the AC joint

Back 48

Superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments

Coraclavicular ligaments

-trapezoid

-conoid

Front 49

Two coraclavicular ligaments of AC

Back 49

Trapezoid and conoid

Front 50

Two muscles that stabilize AC joint

Back 50

Deltoid and upper trap

Front 51

AC is what kind of joint

Back 51

Plane joint. Relatively flat surfaces

Front 52

Motions of the scapula at the AC joint

Back 52

Upward and downward rotation

Sagittal plane adjustment (tilting)

Horizontal plane adjustment (IR/ER)

Front 53

Motions at SC joint

Back 53

Elevation/depression (frontal)

Protraction/retraction (transverse)

Posterior spin (sagittal)

Front 54

Complete upward rotation of scapula at the AC joint is considered the ______ position

Back 54

Close packed

Front 55

Except for fine tuning movements, the scapula must follow....

Back 55

The clavicle absolutely

Front 56

Regarding Scapulothoracic joint, the SC joint is movement where?

Back 56

Clavicle

Front 57

Regarding Scapulothoracic joint, the AC joint is movement where?

Back 57

Scapula

Front 58

Scapulothoracic protraction at the AC and SC joints?

Back 58

AC- internal rotation

SC- protraction

Front 59

Scapulothoracic retraction at AC and SC joints?

Back 59

AC- ER

SC- retraction

Front 60

Scapulothoracic depression at AC and SC joints?

Back 60

AC- upward rotationSC- depression

Front 61

Scapulothoracic elevation at AC and SC joints?

Back 61

AC- downward rotationSC- elevation

Front 62

Scapulothoracic downward rotation at AC and SC joints?

Back 62

AC- downward rotationSC- depression

Front 63

Scapulothoracic upward rotation at AC and SC joints?

Back 63

AC- upward rotationSC- elevation

Front 64

What is each joints responsibility for reaching 180* abduction at the shoulder?

Back 64

GH- 120*

AC- 30*

SC-30*

Front 65

GH joint surrounded by what?

Back 65

Fibrous capsule

Front 66

Potential volume of space within the GH joint capsule is ____ the size of the humeral head.

Back 66

Twice

Front 67

Muscles that stabilize GH joint

Back 67

RTC

Long head of biceps

Front 68

Ligaments and other tissue that stabilize GH joint

Back 68

GH joint capsular ligaments

Coracohumeral ligament

Glenoid labrum

Front 69

Glenoid labrum description

Back 69

Fibrocartilage ring or lip which encircles the glenoid fossa- helps increase depth by about 50%

Front 70

Superior glenohumeral ligament attachment

Back 70

Proximal- near the supraglenoid tubercle just anterior to long head of biceps

Front 71

Superior glenohumeral ligament function

Back 71

Provides restraint inferior and anterior-posterior translations of the humeral head WHEN taut in adduction

Front 72

Middle glenohumeral attachment

Back 72

Proximal: Superior and middle aspects of the anterior lip of the glenoid fossa

Front 73

Middle glenohumeral function

Back 73

Provides substantial anterior restraint

Becomes tight with ER

Front 74

Inferior glenohumeral ligament attachment

Back 74

Proximal: along anterior-inferior rim of glenoid fossa

Distal: attaches to anterior-inferior margins of anatomical neck

Front 75

Inferior glenohumeral ligament three components

Back 75

Anterior

Posterior

Axillary pouch

Front 76

What forms the coracoacromial arch

Back 76

Coracoacromial ligament and acromiom process

Front 77

Coracoacromial ligament attachments

Back 77

Between anterior margin of acromiom and lateral border of coracoid process

Front 78

Only about ___ cm of distance separates the undersurface of the coracoacromial arch and the humeral head

Back 78

One

Front 79

What is in the subacromial space

Back 79

Tendons and capsule

Front 80

Coracohumeral ligament attachment

Back 80

Runs from lateral border of coracoid process to anterior side of the greater tubercle of humerus

Becomes tight with extremes of ER, flexion, and extension

Front 81

How many bursa in the shoulder?

Back 81

8

Front 82

Two most important bursa

Back 82

Subacromial and subdeltoid

Front 83

Static stability of GH joint is provided by what? 3 factors

Back 83

Supraspinatus and posterior deltoid

Inclined plane of glenoid fossa

Negative pressure within GH joint

Front 84

Humeral head would hit coracoacromial arch at ___ degrees of it could not slide

Back 84

22

Front 85

Proper shoulder movement and full ROM of the shoulder complex requires...

Back 85

GH abduction and scapular upward rotation

Front 86

6 kinematic principles for full shoulder abduction

Back 86

1) upward rotation of scapula

2) elevation at SC and ^ rotation of scapula at AC

3) clavicle retracts at SC joint

4) scapula posteriorly tilts and ER

5) clavicle rotates posteriorly

6) GH externally rotates

Front 87

First kinematic principle full shoulder abduction: scapula must ____ rotate. Purpose?

Back 87

Upwardly

Projects glenoid fossa upward and anterior-laterally.

Preserves optimal active length tension

Helps maintain volume within subacromial space

Front 88

Second kinematic principle full shoulder abduction: clavicle at SC joint must _____ and scapula at AC joint must ______.

Back 88

Elevate

Upward rotation

Front 89

Third kinematic principle full shoulder abduction: clavicle _____ at the AC joint.

Purpose

Back 89

Retracts

Assists AC joint with optimal positioning of the scapula within the horizontal plane

Front 90

Fourth kinematic principle full shoulder abduction: scapula _______ and _______.

Purpose?

Back 90

Posteriorly tilts and externally rotates

Primarily at the AC joint- necessary to move the coracoacromial arch away from the advancing humeral head

Front 91

Fifth kinematic principle full shoulder abduction: clavicle ______ _______.

Back 91

Rotates posteriorly

Front 92

Sixth kinematic principle full shoulder abduction: GH joint _______

Back 92

Externally rotates

Front 93

Subluxation

Back 93

Partial separation of humeral head and glenoid fossa

Front 94

Three types of shoulder instability

Back 94

Post traumatic

Atraumatic

Acquired instability