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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sexual Reproduction
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two sex cells joined to form a new organism (sperm and egg)
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Sperm
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cells formed the male reproductive organs
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Eggs
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cell formed in the female reproductive organs
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Fertilization
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the joining of an egg and a sperm
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Zygote
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the cell formed by the joining of an egg and sperm
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Diploid Cells
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cells that have pairs of similar chromosomes
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Haploid Cells
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cells that do not have a matching partner cell are call haploid. (sex cells)
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Meiosis
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process that produces sex cells
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Human sex cells have only ______ number of chromosomes?
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23 (body cells have 46)
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Steps of Meiosis
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Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II
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Prophase I
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nucleolus and nuclear membrane disintegrate. Centrioles move to opposite ends of cell, spindle fibers stretch across cell
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Metaphase I
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The paired chromatids line up in the middle of the cell, the centromere becomes attached to one spindle fiber.
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Anaphase I
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two pairs of chromatids of each similar pair move away from each other to opposite ends of the cell.
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Telophase I
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the cytoplasm divides and two new cells form. Each new cell has one duplicated chromosome from each similar pair.
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Prophase II
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the duplicated chromosomes and spindle fibers reappear in each new cell.
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Metaphase II
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the duplicated chromosomes move to the center of the cell, two spindle fibers attach to the centromere
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Anaphase II
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the centromere divides, the chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell, now they are individual chromosomes
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Telophase II
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spindle fibers disappear, nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes. (after meiosis is complete the cells divide)
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What can happen if mistakes in Meiosis happens? (having too many or too few chromosomes)
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the zygote produced will usually die, if it lives it may not grow normally.
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