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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
You can create a version of the ________ by illuminating a light-colored surface with a desk lamp and casting a shadow with a piece of paper. |
Mach bands |
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The Nobel Prize winners who conducted the pioneering research on the physiology of striate cortex neurons were |
Hubel and Wiesel. |
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Hartline et al. (1956) selected the Limulus to demonstrate lateral inhibition because |
it was possible to illuminate a single receptor without illuminating its adjacent receptor. |
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Most of the signals travel from the retina to the ______ via the optic nerve. |
lateral geniculate nucleus |
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The difference in intensity between the light bars and the dark bars is called |
Contrast |
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In the simultaneous contrast effect, gray squares of equal intensities are surrounding by either a dark background or a lighter background. The square on the dark background looks _______ than the square on the lighter background. |
lighter
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As we travel farther from the retina, neurons fire to |
more complex stimuli
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“Grandmother cells” are mostly closely associated with _______ coding. |
specificity
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“How do physiological responses transform into perceptual experiences?” summarizes the |
hard problem of consciousness |
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The different types of cortical cells are also called |
feature dectectors |
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The area on the retina that influences the firing rate of the neuron is called the |
receptive field |
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A stimulus that contains alternating black and white bars is called a |
grating |
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In Hermann’s grid, gray areas appear at the intersections because |
the amount of inhibition right at the intersections is twice as great as the inhibition between each square. |
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Unlike simple cells, complex cells respond best to |
moving stimuli |
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From which direction does the LGN receive the majority of its input? |
the cortex |
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Graphing the response of a simple cortical cell results in the |
orientation tuning curve. |
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White’s illusion is an example of a perceptual effect that can be explained by the principle of |
belongingness
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The gray intersections in the Hermann Grid |
support the claim that “perception is not the same as the physical stimulus.” |
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A neuron with an excitatory center- inhibitory surround receptive field will respond most when we stimulate |
only the center |
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An advantage of ___________coding of visual object representation is that a large number of stimuli can be signaled by a few neurons. |
distributed |
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When a kitten is exposed to an environment of just horizontal lines, the kitten |
would have cortical cells that respond to horizontal lines, but none to vertical lines. |
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In Mach bands, the darker area sends _____ lateral inhibition to the lighter area than the lighter area sends to the darker area. |
less
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Neurons in the LGN have __________ receptive fields. |
center-surround |
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To measure _________, the experimenter decreases the intensity difference between the light bars and the dark bars until an observer can just barely detect the difference between the dark bars and the light bars. |
contrast threshold |