Science Midterm Study Guide 09

Front 1

rock cycle

Back 1

the process in which rocks form, change, break down and reform

Front 2

crystallization

Back 2

process through which rocks form, either from molten rock or from coming out of solution

Front 3

plate tectonics

Back 3

theory that earths surface (lithosphere) is divided into a series of segments (plates) which move.

Front 4

atoms

Back 4

the smallest unit of an element that has the properties of that element

Front 5

ions

Back 5

atoms which have lost or gained electrons

Front 6

force

Back 6

push or pull

Front 7

newtons 3 laws

Back 7

1. inertia
2. f=ma
3. action-reaction

Front 8

bouyancy

Back 8

force is equal to the force exerted by the water displaced by the object.

Front 9

gravity

Back 9

the pull of an object toward the center of its mass. m1*m2/d2

Front 10

topography

Back 10

surface features of an area of Earth's continent

Front 11

contour lines

Back 11

connect points of equal elevation.

Front 12

Rules for topographic maps

Back 12

1. contour lines never cross
2. circles show highest and lowest points in closed systems
3. hasher lines indicate decrease in elevation
4. contour lines crossing a stream point to higher elevations
5. index lines have numbers on them
6. contour lines crossing a stream point to higher elevation
7. closer contour lines = steeper the slope

Front 13

science process skills

Back 13

set of steps through which information is gained and verified, including observations, hypothesis, variables writing procedures, organized data.

Front 14

observation

Back 14

information gained using the 5 senses

Front 15

hypothesis

Back 15

proposed solution to a problem to be tested. based on observations and previous experience

Front 16

variable

Back 16

anything which can change in an experiment

Front 17

independent

Back 17

the ONE variable which is deliberately changed from one trial to another by the experimenter

Front 18

dependent

Back 18

the variable which may change in response to a change in an independent variable

Front 19

controlled

Back 19

those variables which must remain the same through out the experiment

Front 20

proceudre

Back 20

step by step sequence form conduction an experiment

Front 21

data

Back 21

observations of the changes made due to manipulation of one variable. they are usually recorded in an organized chart

Front 22

quantitative

Back 22

observations involving numbers (measurements )

Front 23

qualitative

Back 23

observations os what occurs very descriptive

Front 24

types of mining

Back 24

strip mining
open pit mining
deep mining
strip mining

Front 25

density

Back 25

the amount in a given volume m/v

Front 26

4 spheres of earth

Back 26

hydrosphere -water
atmosphere-gasses
geosphere-rock
biosphere- all living things

Front 27

weight

Back 27

the pull of gravity on the mass of an object