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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Asexual reproduction.
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Requires only one parent to reproduce.
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Binary fission. + example
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Single-celled organism replicates its genetic material and divides in two.
bacteria like in foods class. |
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Budding + example
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An outgrowth of an individual that develops into a new individual.
a sponge and in some types of yeast. |
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Clone
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identical genetic copy of a parent
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Fragmentation + example
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Parts that break off due to injury and develop into new individuals.
sea stars, the leg can become another sea star if it has enough dna info |
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Spore
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Produced by fungi, these develop into new organisms by mitosis
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Stem cell
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Cells that have the potential to become many different types of cells.
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Vegetative reproduction
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Plants use special cells that form structures that develop into an identical plant.
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ADVANTAGES of Asexual Reproduction
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Large numbers of offspring quickly.
Large colonies can out-compete other organisms and increase chance of species survival. No energy wasted to find a mate. |
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DISADVANTAGES of Asexual Reproduction
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Offspring are clones. Negative mutation can destroy large numbers of offspring. Large colonies that are close together may compete for food. Colonies could be wiped out with bad conditions.
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What is reproductive cloning?
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Making offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
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What is the purpose?
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Usually to make a duplicate of an existing organism with desirable characteristics.
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How does it work
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A mammary cell containing DNA from the organism you want to clone, is fused with another individual's egg cell that has had the nucleus removed. The egg will develop using the surrogate mother as a host but with the DNA of the organism you want to clone. The egg is developed/grown in a mother and a clone is born.
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What is therapeutic cloning?
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Cloning to correct health problems. Cells called stem cells are used in therapeutic cloning.
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What are stem cells?
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Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become many different types of cells (liver, heart, skin cell).
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What can stem cells be used for?
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To replace damaged cells because they can be grown into different tissues.
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How does it work
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Using stem cells to replace damaged cells in patients. If a heart is damaged, stem cells can be stimulated to regenerate/produce more heart cells. Heart cells are then injected into the heart to hopefully allow new tissue to grow.
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