Science 10 Chapter 3 Test

Front 1

Natural selection

Back 1

The process that makes change possible in living things.

Members of species having certain characteristics that give them advantage over over other members of that species.

Front 2

Adaptive radiation

Back 2

Term used to describe the change from a common ancestor into a number of different species that radiate out to inhabit different niches.

Front 3

Ecological succession

Back 3

Term used to refer to changes that take place over time in the types of organisms that live in an area.

Front 4

Primary succession

Back 4

Occurs in an area where no soil exists, such as on bare rock. (Ex. Moss growing on a rock in the middle of a volcanic landscape)

Front 5

Pioneer species

Back 5

Term scientists use to describe the lichens and other plants that are the first organisms to survive and reproduce in an area.

Front 6

Climax community

Back 6

The process of primary succession that leads to the development of a mature community. ( ex. Boreal forest,deserts)

Front 7

Secondary succession

Back 7

The reintroduction of life after a disturbance to an area that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms

Front 8

Sustainability

Back 8

The ability of an ecosystem to sustain ecological processes and maintain biodiversity over time; using natural resources in a way that maintains ecosystem health now and for future generations

Front 9

Land use

Back 9

The way we use the land around us for urban development, agriculture, industry, mining, and forestry.

Front 10

Resource use

Back 10

The ways we obtain and use minerals such soil,wood, water,gas,etc.

Front 11

Habitat loss

Back 11

The destruction of habitats (usually results from human activity)

Front 12

Habitat fragmentation

Back 12

The division of habitats into smaller, isolated fragments. This affects plant pollination, seed dispersal, wildlife movement, and plant and animal reproduction.

Front 13

Deforestation

Back 13

Practice I'm which forests are logged or cleared for human use and not replanted

Front 14

Soil degradation

Back 14

Can occur when water and wind erosion removes topsoil from bare land

Front 15

Soil compaction

Back 15

Occurs when soil particles are squeezed together and the air spaces between the particles are reduced

Front 16

Aeration

Back 16

In which small plugs of soil are mechanically removed, is a method that reduces runoff by improving the movement of air and water through soil.

Front 17

Resource exploitation

Back 17

Resource use. Can cause habitat loss and soil degradation

Front 18

Contamination

Back 18

Introduction of chemicals,toxins, wastes, or micro organisms into the environment in concentrations that are harmful to living things. (Ex.cyanide)

Front 19

Overexploitation

Back 19

The use or extraction of a resource until it is depleted. Can result in extinction.

Front 20

Extinction

Back 20

The dying out of a species.

Front 21

Traditional ecological knowledge

Back 21

Ecological information, passed down from generation to generation, that reflects human experience with nature gained over centuries.

Front 22

Native species

Back 22

Plants and animals that naturally inhabit an area.

Front 23

Introduced species or foreign species

Back 23

Organisms brought in by people intentionally or by accident

Front 24

Invasive species

Back 24

Organisms that can take over the habitat of native species or invade their bodies.