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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why do we use sampling? |
To take a measure of something without using the entire thing. |
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Sample definition |
A relatively small part of a whole, which can tell us about that whole. |
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(Altmann 1974) Ad libitum sampling |
Monitors all activities over a long time. A lot of information but can be situational. |
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(Altmann 1974) Focal Sampling |
All occurrences of specified actions of one individual is recorded over a time period. |
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(Altmann 1974) All-occurrence sampling |
Focuses on a behavior rather than an individual. e.g. complaint rate at a help desk. Used to measure rate of occurrence. |
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(Altmann 1974) Instantaneous or Scan sampling |
Subject's activities recorded at predetermined instances. Measure a percentage of time doing certain activity. |
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T.E.A. |
Terminal Education age. |
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Examples of social classification. |
TEA |
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(Rose and O'Reilly 1998) What are the 3 types of people in the work force? |
Employers |
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Labour Contract |
Short term, easily terminated. |
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Service relationship |
Long term, security. |
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How are UK social classes divided? |
A - Upper Middle (High manager, professional) |
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Does the buyer always use the product? |
Non |
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A good sample can... |
Sufficiently and coherently articulate it's knowledge and perceptions on the topic. |
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One way to get a good sample? |
Replicate the screening process used on similar studies. |
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First stage of sampling |
Examine the objective of the study. |
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Second stage of sampling |
Define the people of interest |
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Third Stage of Sampling |
Find suitable source for population |
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Fourth stage of sampling |
Decide on sampling type and approach |
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Fifth stage of sampling |
Decide sample size. |
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Sixth stage of sampling. |
Proceed with fieldwork. |
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Final stage of sampling |
Correct sampling errors. |
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What must a sampling frame be like? |
Up to date, affordable, easy to use (versatile software) |
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Where can electoral register be accessed? |
www.192.com |
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Benefits of using electoral register? |
Large. Searches can be made by relationships. |
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Where can sample files be found from? |
Postcode address files, Telephone directories, customer records, electoral register, membership lists, subscribers, list brokers. |
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Negatives of using electoral register |
-Can be outdated. -People don't register to vote to escape the poll tax. |
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Benefits of using postcode address file PAF in sample framing. |
-Huge, 28 million households. -Can be accessed online. -Very powerful. -Can distinguish from domestic and non-domestic addresses. |
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Distinctions of using telephone directories in sample framing. |
-Cheap -Sometimes not competely correct. -Mainly for B2B or industrial. |
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Distinctions of Probability sampling. |
Expensive Reliable. |
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Distinctions of Non-probability sampling |
-Uses human judgement -Subject to errors -Subjective. |
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Simple random sampling |
An equal probability of any element being selected. May not be representative. |
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Stratified sampling. |
A modified version of simple random sampling to make it more representative. |
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Systematic random sampling |
Random starting point, then person chosen after predetermined intervals. GGGGGGGGGGGGGG |
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What does Kish 1965 advise |
Interviewing person at the door not representative. Interview a predesignated member of the family after obtaining info about the household. |
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Different types of random sampling. |
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Cluster sampling |
Population is divided into sub populations and then a random sample is collected. |
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Bad points of cluster sampling |
The most clusters, the higher the chance of sampling error. |
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Quota Sampling |
Researcher makes subjective decision on what people are useful and interview them. |
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Judgement sampling |
Choosing who might be best for the study. |
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Convenience sampling |
Studies those who are easily available. Cheap and quick, but not necessarily reliable. |
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Snowball sample |
Asking people if they know someone who fits the criteria and going from there. Depends on first point of call's ability to recall. |
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Benefits of using online research. |
Can more easily access those with high resistance to other research. Business people with gate keepers. Young people. |
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Flaws of online research. |
Participant can't be identified. |
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Should a focus group have a diverse mix of people? |
No, some groups do not debate well with eachother and respondents should be similar. |
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What affects the sample size? |
The required precision |
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How big should a qualitative study project be? |
It should keep going until there is no new information. A non-fixed ballpark should be made. |
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How big should a quantitative study be? |
industry standards, budget, calculation method. NOT IN PROPORTION TO THE POPULATION. Contentedness with 'indicative data.' |