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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What anatomical structures are visualized to determine the mallampati score? |
Tongue, hard and soft palate, and uvula |
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What is the most common SBD? |
Dyssomnias |
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What is the most common dyssomnia in the United States? |
OSA |
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Wha anatomical abnormalities are considered contributing factors to OSA? |
Macroglossia, Micrognathia, Retrognathia, and Deviated nasal septum |
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What is the most vulnerable position for the patient with OSA? |
supine |
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What risk factors are associated with worsening OSA? |
BMI greater than 25, alcohol ingestion before bedtime, and diabetes |
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What are consequences of uncorrected OSA? |
Decreased libido, decreased mental performance, hypertension, and exacerbation of coronary artery disease |
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What is the most common sign of CSA? |
Cheyne-Stokes Respirations |
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The absence of thoracic and abdominal efforts with loss of airflow in a patient who has been successfully treated for OSA with cpap is consistent with the presence of which of the following disorders? |
MSA |
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Longstanding SDB has been associated with the presence of which of the following diseases? |
Cardiovascular disease |
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What is the gold standard test to determine the presence of a sleep disorder? |
PSG |
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What is the goal of titrating PAP for individual's with sleep disorders? |
Using PAP pressure to reduce AHI to 5 or less per hour while the patient is in the supine position. |
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An AHI of 50 in a sleep study should be interpreted as what? |
Severe sleep apnea |
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What therapies are considered options for treating SBD? |
PAP therapy, oral appliances, and positional solutions |
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EEG shows a reduction in activity between wakefulness and sleep; accounts for 5% to 10% of the total sleep cycle. |
Stage 1 NREM |
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EEG displays sharp spikes called K-complexes and sleep spindles approximately 40 to 50% of the total sleep period is spent in this stage. |
Stage 2 NREM |
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Deepest level of sleep, EEG display's Delta waves or slow wave sleep. |
Stage 3 and 4 NREM |
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Active sleep associated with loss of core body temperature regulation; dreaming occurs the last 10 to 20 minutes. |
Rem Stage |
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In which level of sleep is restorative sleep thought to occur? |
Delta Sleep (Stage 3) |
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A 50% reduction in Vt for at least 10 seconds during sleep defines what term? |
Hypopnea |
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Which breathing pattern is a common sign of central sleep apnea? |
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration |
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The lack of dreaming could mean that a patient is not spending a significant period of sleep in which phase? |
REM stage |
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What are the neurotransmitters that mediate arousal in the cortex? |
Histamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and hypocretin |
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What is the common complaint of individuals with nasal septum abnormality's? |
Poor quality of sleep |
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What neck circumference is highly correlated with the incidence of OSA in men? |
Greater than 17" |
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How long does the typical individual stay in NREM before transitioning to REM? |
60 to 90 minutes |
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Apnea is defined as absence of ventilation lasting more than how many seconds? |
10 seconds |
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What reduction of title volume is considered as defining hypopnea? |
50% |
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Which of the SBD's is more common in children and infants than in adults? |
Central sleep apnea (CFA) |