Rnwk1- 4-13 Histology Renal System1

Front 1

Functional unit of the kidney:

blood flow from segmental aa.?

Where do the arcuate aa. run?

Terminal branches of the
arcuate arteries ascend into the cortex, running between medullary rays (lobules)

Back 1

nephron

segmental --> interlobar --> arcuate --> interlobular --> afferent arterioles

along the cortico-medullary border

interlobular

Front 2

Which part of the nephron filters fluid from the blood?

Which part modifies the filtrate into urine?

Tuft of fenestrated capillaries:

What surround the glomerulus?

Back 2

renal corpuscle

tubular portion

glomerulus

Bowman's capsule

Front 3

Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule is made of:

Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule:

What vessels take up substances resorbed by the tubular epithelium?

Back 3

podocytes

Strat. squamous epithelium

peritubular capillaries

Front 4

Describe the filtration barrier:

Glomerular capillaries allow _______ (4) to pass, and has barriers to ______________ (2).

Back 4

Fluid from capillaries --> fenestrated capillary endothelium --> basal lamina --> podocytes of visceral Bowman's layer--> all considering polyanionic charge
From capillaries leaks into the urinary space through a complex filtration barrier

allow H2O, urea, glucose, small proteins
block formed elements in blood, macromolecules

Front 5

Describe where extraglomerular vs introglomerular mesangial cells are located

Back 5

1. Extraglomerular mesangial cells - found at vascular pole
2. Intraglomerular mesangial cells - found within renal corpuscle.

Front 6

Mesangial cells are modified __________.

4 fxns of mesangial cells?

Back 6

smooth muscle

contractile - control blood blow thru capillaries
supportive - where renal corpuscle absent
phagocytic - resorption/maintenance of basal lamina
secretory - secrete PG's, endothelins (constrict arterioles)

Front 7

What are 4 components of the lamina rarae?

Pedicles of the podocytes are separated by __________.

each pedicle has a glycocalyx made of __________.

Back 7

Type IV collagen
laminin
fibronectin
-charged proteoglycans

filtration slits

-charged podocalyxin

Front 8

Filtration slit diaphragm contains the protein _________.

What does nephrin do?

Mutations in the nephrin gene are associated with ____________.

Back 8

nephrin

retard passage of molecules through fenestrae and basal lamina

congenital nephrotic syndrome

Front 9

Describe the filtration process:

What part of the kidney do you see glomeruli?

Back 9

blood enters through afferent arteriole --> basal lamina catches large molecules --> -charged molecules caught by lamina and podocytes --> fluid passes through filtration slits to urinary space

cortex only

Front 10

What kind of epithelium is in the PCT?

Where are the nuclei?

Describe the luminal border:

Can you see the borders between cells?

Back 10

eosinophilic cuboidal/low columnar

central

ragged, microvilli

No

Front 11

What gets absorbed in the PCT?

Function of the Loop of Henle?

Descending loop: permeable to what?
Describe the filtrate.

Back 11

Na+, Cl-, H2O (via aquaporin-1)

help form hypertonic urine by forming an osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the medulla

permeable to H2O, salts

isotonic at first --> more hypertonic (H2O reabsorbed)

Front 12

Ascending loop: contains what?
permeable to H2O?

Describe the filtrate.

Back 12

Na+/K+/Cl- pump (symporter)

not permeable to H2O

salt loss while keeping H2O = isotonic/hypotonic

Front 13

DCT: histology?

Histology and fxn of principal cells? Intercalated cells?

Back 13

low cuboidal epithelium, round/oval nuclei at apex, fewer microvilli (larger lumen)

principal - light staining, resorb Na+, secrete K+

intercalated - basophilic, secrete H+, HCO3-

Front 14

Macula densa:
Location and fxn?
Sensitive to what?

What makes up the juxtoglomerular apparatus?

Which cells produce renin?

Back 14

regulate GFR by constricting the afferent arteriole

sensitive to Na+, Cl-

macula densa, JG cells of afferent arteriole, extraglomerular mesangial cells (lacis, polkissen)

JG cells

Front 15

Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway:

Fxn?

Back 15

kidneys - renin to:
liver - angiotensinogen to ang I to:
lungs - ang I to ang II (ACE) to:
adrenal gland - aldosterone
aldosterone to kidneys

aldosterone - resorb Na+

Front 16

Secreted by atrial myocytes , increases diuresis:

opposes action of _______, inhibits release of ______.

secreted by DCT/CD cells, inhibits NaCl and water resorption:

Back 16

ANF

opposes aldosterone, inhibits ADH release

urodilatin

Front 17

Collecting ducts: histology?

Responsive to what hormone?

Contain what transmembrane protein?

Back 17

distinct borders, cuboidal/columnar epithelium, poorly stained

ADH/vasopressin

Aquaporin-2 (AQP-2)

Front 18

What are cells located between capillary loops that replace normal ct cells?

Back 18

1. Contractile to reduce (receptors for angiotensin II) or increase
(receptors for vasodilator atrial natriuretic factor) blood flow through
capillaries
2. Support in regions where the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule is not present
3. Phagocytic, function in resorption/maintenance of the basal lamina (intraglomerular only)
4. Secrete prostaglandins & endothelins

Front 19

How do you tell the difference between the proximal and distal tubule micro

Back 19

Proximal will be slightly bigger with aggrevated border
distal will be nice and smooth and slightly smaller

Front 20

Name the five segments that the segmental part of the renal arteries supply

Back 20

1. apical
2. anterosuperior
3. anteroinferior
4. inferior
5. posterior

Front 21

Identify all

Back 21

a. urinary pole- where bulk operations begins
b. urinary space
c. parietal layer of Bowman's capsule
d. efferent arteriole
e. afferent arteriole
f. vascular pole

Front 22

Label yellow spot and all black squares

Back 22

Front 23

Nephron Label parts

Back 23

Front 24

what are the things being pointed to and what do they do?

Back 24

Mesangial Cells-
- Contractile – reduce/increase blood flow through capillaries
● Supportive in area where the visceral layer of the renal corpuscle is absent
● Phagocytic – resorption & maintenance of the basal lamina *
● Secretory – secrete prostaglandins & endothelins (induce constriction of aff/eff arterioles).

Front 25

This is basal lamina... what is A and B and what does B contain?

Back 25

a. lamina densa
b. lamina rarae- Type IV collagen, Laminin, Fibronectin, Negatively-charged, proteoglycans

Front 26

Back 26

Front 27

Back 27

Front 28

What part of nephron is this and how can you tell?

Back 28

PCT- due to rugged villi

Front 29

Which are pct's and which are dct's?

Back 29

Blue= dct
Red= PCT