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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA? |
Transcription |
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What is a codon and what is its purpose? What does it code for? |
A sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides that is recognized by tRNA and codes for a specific amino acid |
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What are some similarities and differences between RNA and DNA? |
RNA - single stranded, made with ribose, has Uracil
DNA - Double stranded, made with deoxyribose, has thymine |
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What is the process of decoding mRNA into a polypeptide chain? In other words, how does a gene become a protein? |
translation |
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What is an anticodon and what is its purpose? |
a sequence of 3 tRNA nucleotides that recognizes bonds with a mRNA codon |
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What are the steps in transcription? |
RNA polymerase binds to a promoter region on DNA, unzips the helix, and makes an RNA copy of a gene. Then, mRNA processing occurs. |
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Where does transcription take place? Where does translation take place? |
nucleus cytoplasm |
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What are the steps of translation? |
initiation, elongation, termination |
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What are the 3 types of RNA and what are their functions? |
1. mRNA - carries the genetic code out of the nucleus 2. tRNA - recognizes mRNA codons and brings in amino acids 3. rRNA - catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds |
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During transcription what is formed? During translation what is formed? |
a mRNA molecule a polypeptide |
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How many codons specify 1 amino acid? |
it depends. Could be one, two, four, or six. |
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what base is missing on RNA, and what other base replaces it? |
thymine is missing, uracil replaces it |
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Uracil will pair with what other base on DNA? |
adenine |
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Is RNA double or single strandes? |
single |
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Which type of RNA copies DNA's instructions in the nucleus? |
mRNA |
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what does tRNA transport? |
an amino acid |
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In what part of a cell are proteins mad? |
in the cytoplasm (on the ribosomes) |
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what is RNA polymerase and tell its function. |
an enzyme that unzips the DNA double helix and catalyzes the synthesis of the RNA copy (mRNA) of genes |
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Are both strands of DNA copied during transcription? |
no, only one |
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As RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand, what is being added? |
nucleotides to the newly made mRNA molecule |
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What happens to the newly made mRNA molecule following transcription in the necleus? |
after mRNA processing is complete, the mature mRNA molecules leaves the nucleus to be translated into protein in the cytoplasm. |
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How many different kinds of amino acids make up proteins? |
20 |
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What codon starts protein synthesis? what amino acid does the start codon always carry? |
AUG -- methionine |
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What codons stop protein synthesis? |
UAA, UAG, UGA |
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What codons on mRNA would bind with these anticodons: 1.AAA 2.GGA 3.UAC 4.CGU |
1.UUU 2.CCU 3.AUG 4.GCA |
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what type of bonds are the ones that attach amino acids to each other in a growing polypeptide? |
peptide bonds |
