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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In humans, where capillaries redistribute fluids with different pH to different areas in the body which could have an effect on its homeostatic pH. The three mechanisms that ensure there is no change in blood pH include
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The protein buffer system
The phosphate buffer system The bicarbonate buffer system |
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Which buffer system component is most important in regulating intercellular pH?
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The monohydrogen/dihydrogen phosphate system
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The respiratory system in humans controls blood pH by
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Controlling the amount of CO2 removed from the blood
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A falling pH and a rising partial pressure of CO2 found in emphysema indicates
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Respiratory acidosis
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The effect of high blood pH (alkalosis) on the respiratory centers in the brain is/are
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To decrease ventilation rates, increasing blood CO2 levels
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Which of the following statements is true about renal mechanisms of acid-base balance?
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The kidney tubule cells are able to synthesize and excrete bicarbonate ions into blood
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Results from an excess of CO2 ions in blood and can result in an increase in reabsorption of bicarbonate ions into the blood by kidney tubules resulting in compensation
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Respiratory acidosis
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Results from an excess of bicarbonate in the blood and can result in a decreased respiratory rate
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Metabolic alkalosis
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The movement of substances from the nephron tubule back into the bloodstream is referred to as
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tubular reabsorption
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The movement of substances from the bloodstream into the tubular nephron is referred to as
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tubular secretion
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The process by which plasma minus protein passes from the glomerulus into the tubular nephron is by
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filtration
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60 to 70 percent of the fluid in the nephron tubule is excreted as urine
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False
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Autoregulation of the rate at which fluid passes from the glomerulus into the nephron tubule is through
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dilation or constriction of the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus
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Monitoring the flow of fluid through tubular nephron is accomplished by the __________ apparatus monitoring the passage of sodium chloride through the distal nephron.
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juxtaglomerular |
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During secondary active transport, the movement of one substance down its electrochemical gradient provides the force to move another substance up its electrochemical gradient. When both substances move in the same direction the mechanism is referred to as a(n)
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symporter
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regulate fluid volume and osmolarity
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The function of the nephron loop is to
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Extracellular fluid osmotic pressure is fine-tuned by the presence of absence of antidiuretic hormone which alters the reabsorption of additional water.
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True
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The kidneys can affect low blood pressure by producing a hormone which results in the construction of blood vessels and results in the release of aldosterone to increase blood volume. This enzymatic hormone is known as
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renin.
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Blood entering the kidney arrives at the glomeruli of each nephron through
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afferent arterioles
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Ionic concentration increases with vertical depth into the kidney (from cortex to medulla) because
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ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb in the nephron into interstitial fluids.
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The filtrate is ______ concentrated in the distal convoluted tubules.
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most |
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Water leaves the collecting ducts through open water channels via active transport. |
False
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The part of the nephron which is permeable to both water and ions is the
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proximal convoluted tubule.
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As filtrate moves down the descending limb and interstitial fluids increase from 1000 mOsm to 1100 mOsm,
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water moves from the nephron into the interstitial fluid.
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Water reabsorption in the collecting ducts occurs because
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ADH opens water channels. of the vertical osmotic gradient.
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