Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Last Prophet according to Islam |
Muhammad |
|
Mohammad's first wife |
Khadija |
|
Mohammad's nephew, considered to be the rightful heir to the Prophet by Shia Muslims. |
'Ali |
|
Friend and father-in-law to Mohammad |
Abu Bakr |
|
One of the most powerful and influential caliphs. Succeeded Abu Bakr (632–634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. |
Umar |
|
3rd of the Rightly Guided Caliphs and twice son-in-law to the prophet Muhammad. |
Uthman |
|
Daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Khadijah, wife of Ali and mother of Hasan and Husayn. |
Fatima |
|
Son of Ali and Fatima, first of the Shia Imams. |
Husayn |
|
Favorite of Mohammad's wives, daughter of Abu Bakr. |
Aisha |
|
Leader of the Ottoman Turks and the founder and namesake of the dynasty that established and ruled the Ottoman Empire. |
Osman I |
|
Shah of Iran and the founder of the Safavid dynasty which survived until 1736. |
Shah Isma'il |
|
Mughal Emperor from 1556 until his death. He was the third and one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Dynasty in India. |
Akbar the Great |
|
Arabic scholar; born in 1703; felt that Islam had strayed too far from its founding traditions. |
Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab |
|
One of the greatest Muslim scholars of eighteenth-century India; argued that Islam had stagnated and pushed for reinterpretation of the text. |
Shah Wali Allah |
|
Most important reformer of modern Islam. Taught that Muslims should take the best of their traditions along with modern western thought to create a stronger Islam. |
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani |
|
Egyptian Islamic jurist, religious scholar and liberal reformer; student of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani. Called into question traditional Islamic practices. |
Muhammad Abduh |
|
Indian Muslim, argued that religious reform could only come about from political autonomy. His ideas gave rise to the establishment of Pakistan. |
Muhammad Iqbal |
|
The founder of the Nation of Islam; disappeared in 1934. |
Wallace Fard Muhammad |
|
Secular reformist; cracked down on some Islamic practices. Founded the modern state of Turkey. |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk |
|
African-American religious leader, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. He was a mentor to Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan, Muhammad Ali, and his son, Warith Deen Mohammed. |
Elijah Muhammad |
|
American Muslim minister and a human rights activist. Assassinated in 1965. |
Malcolm X |
|
African American Muslim leader, theologian, philosopher, Muslim revivalist and Islamic thinker who disbanded the Nation of Islam and transformed it into an orthodox mainstream Islamic movement which later became the American Society of Muslims. |
Warith Deen Muhammad |
|
Birth of Muhammad. Date. |
c. 570 CE |
|
Revelation comes to |
610 CE |
|
Muhammad flees to Medina. Date. |
622 CE |
|
Death of Muhammad. Date. |
632 CE |
|
Uthman collects the Qu'ran. Date. |
c. 653 CE |
|
Rule of the four "Rightly Guided Caliphs." Date. |
632-661 |
|
Rule of Ali. Date. |
656-661 |
|
Umayyad Rule. Date. |
661-750 |
|
Abbasid Revolution. Date. |
750 |
|
Mongols sack Baghdad. Date. |
1258 |
|
Ottoman Empire founded. Date. |
1299 |
|
Safavid Empire Founded. Date. |
1501 |
|
Mughal Empire Founded. Date. |
1526 |
|
Ottoman Empire collapses. Date. |
1923 |
|
Malcolm X assassinated. Date. |
1965 |
|
The name of Mohammad's birth year. |
Year of the Elephant |
|
Islamic holy text. The word of God. |
Qur'an. |
|
Concept of monotheism in Islam meaning doctrine of "the oneness" of God. |
Tawhid |
|
Chapter of the Qu'ran. |
Sura |
|
The opening sura of the Qu'ran. Plays an essential role in the daily prayer. |
Fatiha |
|
Word meaning "In the name of Allah" or "In the name of God." |
Bismallah |
|
Abraham's house in Mecca, center of the Islamic world. |
Ka'ba |
|
The corpus of the reports of the teachings, deeds and sayings of Muhammad. |
Hadith |
|
Birthplace of Mohammad, central city in Islam. |
Mecca |
|
The city to which Mohammad fled. |
Medina |
|
Confession or witness of faith; core statement of orthodoxy. Seen as the summation of Islamic theology. One of the five pillars of Islam. |
Shahada |
|
Prayer; ritual prayer. One of the five pillars of Islam. |
Salat |
|
Giving alms; charity. One of the five pillars of Islam. |
Zakat |
|
Fasting during the month of Ramadan. One of the five pillars of Islam. |
Sawm |
|
Pilgrimage to Mecca. One of the five pillars of Islam. |
Hajj |
|
Person acting in Muhammad's place after his death, i.e. the leader of Islam. |
Caliph |
|
Term used in Sunni |
Rightly Guided Calpihs |
|
Islamic leadership position. It is most commonly in the context of a worship leader of a mosque and Muslim community by Sunni Muslims. Has a more central meaning and role in Islam for Shi'as. |
Imam |
|
Second of the four major caliphates. Overthrown by the Abbasids in 750. |
Umayyad |
|
Third of the four major caliphates. Lost its prominence with the Mongol sack of Baghdad in 1258, and most of its political power with the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. |
Abbasids |
|
Massacre of Husayn and his followers. |
Karbala |
|
The tenth day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar commemorating the Massacre of Karbala. |
Ashura |
|
Followers of Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin Ali, whom tthey believe to be Muhammad's successor in the Caliphate. |
Shi'a |
|
Sect of Islam with the most followers. |
Sunni |
|
A concept in Islam, defined by scholars as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam; others contend that it is a perennial philosophy of existence that pre-dates religion, the expression of which flowered within the Islamic religion. |
Sufism |
|
Contemporary usage by Muslims refers to the religious elite of scholars at the top of the sectarian hierarchy. |
Ulama |
|
Islamic legal term that means "independent reasoning" or "the utmost effort an individual can put forth in an activity." |
Ijtihad |
|
Turkic empire that lasted from 1299-1923. |
Ottoman Empire |
|
Persian Empire that lasted from 1501-1722. |
Safavid Empire |
|
Indian Empire that lasted from 1526-1858. |
Mughal Empire |
|
Offshoot of Sunni Islam. It has been variously described as "orthodox", "ultraconservative", "austere" and"fundamentalist." |
Wahhabism |
|
Islamic religious movement founded in Detroit, Michigan, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. |
Nation of Islam |
|
Islamic month of fasting. |
Ramadan |