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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What 2 powers would emerge in Greek to challenge each other?
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Athens and Sparta
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Describe Athens.
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They were liberal and valued individuality. They were based on the Northeastern corner of Greece and were the model for the world's first democracy. Athens was the birthplace for philosophy and was the home of men such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
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What is a helio and how is it built?
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Its a Greek shield that covered a warrior from the nose to below the knees. It had a bronze over layer, a leather one under that, and a wood one under that. The wood was for the vibrations were reduced when it was hit and the leather was so it wouldn't burn.
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Describe the Spartan warrior.
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Every haplite had:
A bronze helmet, A helio (shield) that covered a warrior from nose to below the knees, two 12 foot spears that had a bronze end so they wouldn't break as easily and a 18 inch blade, two 12 inch daggers, a Greek short-sword that had a 34 inch blade, bronze greaves that went 3 inches over the elbow, and bronze leggings. Also, they wore cloth under leather. Some wore chain-mail over that and some had bronze chest plates. All of this weighed about 110 pounds, but it was spread across the body so it wasn't as cumbersome. Before going to year, they had 13 years of basic training and trained every day from 5 AM to 8 PM. *A person of higher rank had a crest on their helmet - the higher the crest, the higher the rank. |
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Describe how Sparta was set-up.
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Sparta was a military state in Ancient Greece. It had 2 kings (an oligarchy) who ruled jointly at all times. One king would remain with the city to ensure domestic stability and the other would travel outside the city to lead heavily armed troops/soldiers of hoplites into battle.
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Who did the Spartans conquer and when?
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The Messenians and Laconians in 730 BC. They made them into their slaves.
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How much of the population of Sparta was slaves?
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80%. Homer wrote that each Spartan male was totally focused on warfare and the martial arts. Menial task (like farming, pottery, or carpentry) were below them - so they got slaves to do it.
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What did every citizen live for in Sparta?
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their state
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Describe the Spartan government.
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They had 2 kings (an monarchy/oligarchy) which switched between jobs of running the state and going off to war. Also, Sparta had a group of 5 men known as the ephors.
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What were the ephors responsible for?
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The education of all youth
The discipline of all citizens The enforcement of law under the guidance of the King. |
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What were spartan women expected to do?
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Bear fit children for Sparta
Remain fit and ready to defend children (each were trained in martial arts - similar to jujitsu) Ensure their husbands remained fierce warriors by consistently reminding them to "come home in victory with your shield, or on it." |
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Why was Athens important?
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They created the first democracy. Male citizens of the state who owned property could vote.
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What did Athens focus on?
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Athens, unlike Sparta, focused on economic rather than military power. The Athenians became traders. Their local economy was based on agriculture and trade.
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Describe Athens' military regiment.
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Athenian men received military training from the age of 14-18, and were required to serve at least 5 years in the military from the age of 18-23. Then, they stayed in reserve until 30 and COULD stay until 50.
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What did Athens develop since they were not focused on war?
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A new system of government - democracy
A study of disease or human medecine Philosophy - the study of the world using logic to understand it |
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Who was the father of Philosophy? What did he believe?
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Socrates. He introduced the idea that there could be a universal truth to any question and he believed that through analysis, mankind could understand and solve virtually any problem.
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What method did Socrates develop?
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The Socrate Method - asking questions until you find the truth
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Why was Socrate sentenced to death?
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The government of Athens considered him a threat because he was so good of a philosopher.
*They gave him a choice on how he wanted to die - they could ostracize him (take him out to 40 yards out of state and leave him there with no food/water in the wilderness) or he could drink hemlock |
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Who were some other philosophers that followed Socrate?
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Plato (under study) and Aristotle
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What did Homer do?
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He wrote detailed novels - like the Iliad and the Odyssey - and the world's first detailed histories beginning in the 8th century to 300 years after.
*However, Homer was not there for said events, and filled in the gaps (he lied - a lot). |
