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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Energy Star® program
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The Energy Star® program and the HERS rating index rates an entire house—not just the appliances—for overall efficiency. A new house certified by the Energy Star® program performs at least 30% more efficiently than houses built to the 1993 Model Energy Code. The Energy Star® designation is displayed on the inside of the circuit breaker.
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HERS rating index
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A scoring system that rates the energy efficiency of a home. On this index, a lower score is better.
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Glazing
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Refers to the glass panes used in windows and doors.
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Five basic types of houses
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One-story, one-and-one-half story, two-story, split-level, and multiple-story.
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One-story house styles
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Ranch, Pueblo, Bungalow, Art Moderne, and Neo-Eclectic
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One-and-One-Half Story
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Technically a one-story house with an expanded attic, which allows an occupant the benefits of living in a Ranch style house.
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One-and-one-half story house styles
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Cape Cod, Craftsman, Contemporary, A-frame, and Neo-Eclectic
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Two-story house styles
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Colonial, Mission, Monterey, American Foursquare, French Provincial, French Normandy, Art Deco, International, and Neo-Eclectic
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Split-level house
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The split-level usually has the garage and major appliances like an air-conditioning unit and a washer and dryer on the ground floor. The second level is typically offset one-half floor above the garage area and contains the living areas. The sleeping quarters are one-half floor above the living area and directly above the garage area.
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Split-level house styles
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Raised Ranch, Contemporary, and Neo-Eclectic
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Multi-level houses
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Typical of Victorian—Queen Anne, Second Empire, Tudor, and Contemporary styles have complex floor plans and multiple stairwells
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Rectangular, symmetrical house shape
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Typical of the Cape Cod, Colonial, Mission, Monterey, and some Mediterranean styles
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A square, box-like house shape
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Indicates California Bungalow, American Foursquare, and Art Deco
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Box-like house shape that has rounded corners
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Pueblo or Art Moderne
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L-shaped houses
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Ranch or National style
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House that is complicated and asymmetrical
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Queen Anne or Elizabethan Tudor style
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Pitch
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How steep a roof is
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A roof with an unusually steep pitch
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Tudor, Victorian, Shed, and A-frame styles
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A roof with an unusually low pitch
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Craftsman, Prairie, Ranch, Monterey, and Spanish styles
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Flat roofs are found on
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Pueblo, Art Moderne, Contemporary, Mediterranean, and Modernistic styles
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Gable roof
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Roof pitched with two sloping sides
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Hip roof
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Roof pitched with sloping sides and ends (all four sides)
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Gambrel roof
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Typically seen in Dutch Colonial architecture- roof curbed with a steep lower slope and a flatter one above
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Mansard roof
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Has four nearly vertical sides with a flat top; it is featured in Second Empire and other French-inspired styles
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Front-gabled roofs
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Used in Cape Cod and Colonial styles
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Side-gabled roofs
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Used in Cape Cod, Colonial, National, and Ranch styles
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Cross-gabled roofs
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Used on Cape Cod and Tudor styles
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Gambrel roof
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A gable roof that has a slight bend on each side and is the distinctive characteristic of the Dutch Colonial style
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Shed roof
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The streamlined shape of the shed roof, which is one-half of a gable roof, is popular for Contemporary styles
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Saltbox roof
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Roof that that looks like a lopsided triangle and is named after the boxes used to store salt in Colonial times. Saltbox roofs are seen on Colonial style and split-level houses
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Hip roof
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Roof with slopes on all four sides, either from a ridge or from a single point at the top. Hipped roofs are often found on Ranch, French-inspired, American Foursquare, and a variety of Colonial style houses
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Pyramid-hipped roofs
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Roof used in single and two-story houses, as well as foursquare bungalows
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Mansard roof
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With its nearly vertical sides and flat top, the mansard roof is the hallmark of the Second-Empire style. Variations of this roof are also seen on Contemporary, Ranch, and French Colonial houses.
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Dormer
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A vertical window set in a framed window unit that projects from a sloping roof. Dormers are usually used in second story bedrooms or bathrooms. The variety of styles includes gable, hip, shed, and eyebrow.
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Windowpanes
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Held in place by window frames and sashes, which are made of wood, metal, vinyl, or fiberglass. Most are conventional glass but some may be laminated glass, tempered glass, or even wired-glass. Windows also come in single-glazed, dual-glazed, or even triple-glazed varieties.
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Glazing patterns
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Refer to the way windowpanes are placed into a frame
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Palladian window
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Window is divided into three parts, with rectangular panes on each side of a wide arch. They are placed at the center of an upper story as a focal point in Colonial or Queen Anne houses
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Window styles
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Semi-circular windows and oval windows add accent to houses. These windows were popular in Colonial times and continued to be used through Victorian and into modern times.
Triangular windows and angular windows add drama to contemporary houses. Gothic arch windows are characteristic of the Tudor style. |
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Ribbon windows
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Several rectangular windows placed in a row with their frames abutting, and are a distinctive feature in Craftsman and Prairie style houses
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“Five-ranked”
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Refers to the five rectangular windows equally spaced across the second story of Georgian Colonial-style houses.
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Sidelights
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Tall, narrow windows flanking the entry door. These windows are characteristic of Greek Revival, and are found in Neo-Eclectic houses.
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Bay window
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A window or series of windows that protrudes from the exterior of a building, leaving a recess within
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Oriel window
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Smaller bay window on an upper story, and is supported by decorative brackets
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Bow window
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Made with curved glass
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Fixed windows
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Window that do not open or move at all
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Skylights
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A type of fixed window. Skylights are estimated to let five times more light into a house than another window of the same size. Skylights also help a space look much larger than it is and add value to the house.
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Windows that open
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Traverse sliding mechanism or hinges
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Traverse windows
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Slide from side to side and are found in Ranch and other modern style houses.
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Single-hung windows
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Are commonplace in Ranch and modern style houses. The bottom portion slides up
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Double-hung windows
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Are a traditional style found in all Colonial style houses. Both top and bottom parts move up and down
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Casement windows
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Window that have hinges on the sides and are opened with cranks. Dutch Colonial, Craftsman, Tudor, Mission, Ranch, and other modern style houses have ________ windows.
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Awning window
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Window that is hinged at the top and opens out
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Transom window
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Window that is hinged at the top and opens into the room
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Hopper window
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Window that is hinged at the bottom and opens into the room
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Jalousie windows
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Window that do not slide or use a hinge, instead, they have narrow glass slats like Venetian blinds that are opened and closed with a crank.
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Door styles
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Doors come in solid, hollow, or paneled varieties. Typically, exterior doors are solid and interior doors are hollow.
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French doors
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Double doors hinged at either side
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Sliding glass doors
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Doors glide or roll on base tracks
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Pocket doors
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Glide or roll on suspended or overhead tracks
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Doors different surfaces
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Doors may be flush or level, glazed, paneled, or even louvered
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Cladding
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Includes the external protective skin of the exterior surfaces of a home (surface coatings, siding, doors, windows, trim, shutters, entryways, and flashings). The cladding for exterior walls includes surface coatings, such as paint and varnish, and all types of siding, stucco, brick, stone, adobe, concrete, metal panels, and plate glass with steel
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Siding
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Refers to overlapping horizontal boards made from wood, vinyl, or aluminum that are applied to the house
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Shingles
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Wall materials commonly used in combination with wood siding. Shingles can be plain or patterned and vary in shape from rectangular to diamond.
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Stucco
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A mixture of cement, sand, and lime which is applied over a frame construction
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Half-timbering
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A method of construction in which the wooden frame and principal beams of a structure are exposed, and the spaces between are filled with stucco, brick, or stone
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Bricks
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Rectangular blocks of clay or shale baked dry by the sun or in a kiln
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Adobe bricks
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Bricks made with a mixture of clay and straw, formed into brick shapes, and dried in the sun rather than in a kiln. Larger than standard bricks. Although very energy efficient, they do not withstand earthquakes
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Popular architectural styles
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Victorian, Tudor, Craftsman, Bungalow, Mediterranean, and Monterey
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Cape Cod
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House that is usually rectangular-shaped, one to one-and-one-half stories, and has a steeply pitched gable roof with a small overhang
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Colonial styles
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Rectangular, symmetrical, two to two-and-one-half story houses with windows arranged in an orderly fashion around a central front door
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Colonial Revival
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Colonial style houses were popular in the 1600s and experienced a revival of interest in the 1900s, which led to the name _____________
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Georgian style
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Formal, symmetrical lines, was favored by the well-to-do and became a symbol of the owner’s financial standing in the community. It has paired chimneys (one on each side) and five windows across the front of the second story
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Regency style
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Very similar to the Georgian except it has an octagonal window over the front door, double-hung windows, and a chimney on the far left or right side of the house.
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Federal style
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Similar to the Georgian except it has more ornamentation, dentil moldings, decorative garlands, Palladian-style windows, and fanlights
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Dutch Colonial Revival
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Houses are one to two-and-one-half stories with shed-like dormers. They are easily identified by a distinctive gambrel roof. The front door may be a Dutch door, which is a horizontally divided double door
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Spanish Colonial Revival
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Houses are rectangular, symmetrical, and two stories high. They have low-pitched gable roofs with ceramic tiles, eaves with little or no overhang, stucco walls, wrought iron, and windows and doorways with round arches
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Victorian
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describes many styles built between the 1830s and early 1900s
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Second Empire
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The houses are symmetrical, boxy, vertical, and two-to-three stories. The most striking feature is the high, boxy Mansard roof
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Queen Anne
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Houses built with multiple stories with projecting wings, a complicated roofline with very steep cross-gabled roofs, towers, turrets, vertical windows and balconies, multiple chimneys with decorative chimney pots, scrollwork, bric-a-brac, gingerbread, and gingerbread with frosting
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Folk Victorian
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The affordable version of the Queen Anne house. They are asymmetrical, rectangular, or L-shaped, with white wood siding, steep gabled roofs, and a front porch with turned spindles
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Bungalows
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One of the most common houses found in older neighborhoods and are characterized by simplicity and emphasis on horizontal rather than vertical lines
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California Bungalow
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Low profile, with one to one-and-one-half stories, a square shape, with a low-slung gable or hip roof, an offset entry with a wide front porch, and exterior walls finished with stucco and natural stone
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Craftsman Bungalow
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Has a tendency to be larger than the traditional California Bungalow. Other differences include rows of high, small “ribbon” windows, full-width porches framed by tapered columns, and overhanging eaves with exposed rafters.
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Prairie
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Much larger than the Craftsman Bungalows and are designed with low horizontal lines that require larger lots. They have low-pitched hip roofs with large overhanging eaves, casement windows, and rows of small, high windows.
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American Foursquare
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One of the most common housing styles in the United States. Based on the Prairie style, is sometimes called the Prairie Box. It is a very simple, space-efficient box shape, with a wide porch across the entire front of the house. The front door is centered with matching casement windows on either side. The pyramid-shaped hip roof has a large dormer centered in the front of the house
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USonian
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During the Depression, Frank Lloyd Wright modified the Prairie style to create a more affordable house, which he called ______. They cost much less to build because they had no basements or attics and very little ornamentation
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Monterey
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The most distinguishing feature is the second-story balcony on the front of the house
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Mission
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These houses are easily recognized by the round parapets on the roof that resemble those found on early Spanish colonial churches. They are one to two stories, rectangular shaped, and have flat roofs with red tile accents.
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Parapet
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A low wall projecting from the edge of a platform, terrace, or roof
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Santa Fe
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Thick, earth-colored adobe walls and flat roofs with rounded parapets
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Pueblo Revival
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Another version of the Santa Fe. This style is characterized by roof beams, called vigas, which protrude through the walls and help support the roof
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Territorial
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Angular look, with square corners replacing the round corners of the Santa Fe style. In addition, the windows of the Territorial style are framed with straight, unpainted, wooden moldings and brick detailing is present in the parapets
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Spanish Revival
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Red-tiled roofs, stucco siding, arched entryways and windows, and decorative tiles by the windows and doors
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English Tudor
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A large, two-story masonry or stucco, steep-gabled house with a definite medieval feel
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Elizabethan (Tudor Revival)
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Variation of english tudor style is asymmetrical, has a very steep cross-gabled roof, a prominent chimney, and half-timbered exteriors.
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English Cottage
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Patterned after the rustic cottages constructed in the Cotswold region of southwestern England since medieval times. Like their Tudor cousins, they are asymmetrical with an uneven sloping roof of slate or cedar that mimics the look of thatch. The exterior may have brick, stone, or stucco with half-timbering
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French Provincial
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Large, square, symmetrical two-story houses with a distinctive steep, high, hip roof
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French Normandy
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Round stone tower topped with a cone-shaped roof. In addition, vertical half-timbering (reminiscent of Tudor style) adds height to the house.
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Art Deco
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Two or more stories and emphasizes the vertical lines of the house. It is angular and boxy with a flat roof and simple, clean, crisp lines
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Art Moderne
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The precursor of future house design, displaying extreme simplicity. It has a horizontal, cube-like shape with a flat roof and rounded corners
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International
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Modern, asymmetrical, and very practical in its use of concrete, glass, and steel to create sleek lines. With a flat roof and floor-to-ceiling “window walls”, the design is avant-garde
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Ranch
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Sometimes called the California Ranch, has become the most popular style in the country. One-story, rambling, rectangular, L-shaped or U-shaped, with a low-pitch gable or hipped roof, attached garage, stucco, wood, or brick exterior walls, picture windows, and sliding doors leading to patios
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Split-Level Ranch
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A variation of the Ranch style. Instead of just one level floor plan, split-levels usually have three levels at varying heights. The mid-level entry has stairs leading to the other two levels. The upper level is used for sleeping areas; the mid-level has the living room, dining room, and kitchen, while the lower level has the family room, hobby or game rooms, laundry area, and the garage. These houses are asymmetrical, with a rectangular, L-shaped, or U-shaped design. The low-pitched roof may be hipped or gabled
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A-frame
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Introduced in 1957 by the architect Andrew Geller, is ideal for cold, snowy regions. Instead of piling up on top of the roof, the snow slides down the steep slope of the A-frame roof. The triangular-shaped roof has deep-set eaves and goes all the way to the ground on two sides of the house
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Contemporary
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Characterized by attractive, simple, clean lines and the combination of stone, glass, masonry, and wood in the exterior. These asymmetrical houses can be one or more stories with a roof that is flat or very low-pitched
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Shed
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Modern style characterized by its asymmetrical style and multiple roofs sloping in different directions. Typically, exterior walls are stucco or wood, with small windows and recessed doorways
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Mediterranean
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One of the most common styles found in Southern California is the blend of the Italian, Moorish, Byzantine, and the early California mission styles.
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Postmodern or Neo-Eclectic
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Houses with mixed styles and influences. Neo means new and eclectic refers to combining a variety of details from different styles to produce a harmonious look
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