Rbt Terms

Front 1

What is applied behavior analysis

Back 1

The application of behavior to the solution of social significance

Front 2

What is data?

Back 2

-drives all decisions

-determines targets/ mastered

- when to change teaching procedures

-valid, accurate, reliable

Front 3

What is behavior

Back 3

-must pass dead men's test

-detectable or measurable

-observable

Front 4

Operational definition

Back 4

Describes target behavior, academic, behavior, and anything that can be observed

- objective, clear, complete(inclusions and exclusions)

Front 5

Continuous recording

Back 5

- counting, duration methods of distinct behaviors

Front 6

Forms of continuous measurements

Back 6

Frequency, rate, duration, latency

Front 7

Frequency

Back 7

Number of times target behavior is observed/ counted

Front 8

Rate

Back 8

Frequency with time limit

Front 9

Duration

Back 9

Length of time someone engaged in behavior

Front 10

Latency

Back 10

Timer set between demand given till behavior occurs

Front 11

Discontinuous measurements

Back 11

Interval / time sampling occurring individual behavior

Front 12

Forms of discontinuous measurements

Back 12

Partial interval

Whole interval

Momentary time sample

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Partial interval

Back 13

Tracking if behavior occurs during time limit (over estimate)

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Whole interval

Back 14

Behavior tracking, occurring the whole time ( under estimate)

Front 15

Momentary time sample

Back 15

Marking if behavior occurs in last 1-2 seconds of set time

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Examples of permanent products use to measure behavior

Back 16

Destroyed room, video tape, worksheets, art projects

Front 17

Abc data collection

Back 17

-observation data

-Antecedent (must be measurable/ experience in environment)

-Behavior (observable)

-Consequence

Front 18

Phase change line

Back 18

Dotted line on a graph to indicate change in program ( materials, prompts, reactions, meds,etc.

Front 19

Assessments that RBTs administer

Back 19

-ABLLS( language, social interactions, self help, academic/ motor skills)

-VB-MAPP( milestones, academic, barriers and transitions)

Front 20

What is an FBA?

Back 20

Functional behavior assessment:

Assessment to determine why client continues to engage in challenging behaviors

Front 21

FBA components

Back 21

1) Id operational def

2) Id situation behavior will/ will not occur

3) id function/ reason behavior occurs

4)develops hypothesis/ summary state

5) collect direct observation to confirm/ refute hypothesis

Front 22

FBA direct assessment

Back 22

-direct observation

- frequency data

- duration data

-AbC data

-child interview

-anedotal notes

Front 23

FBA indirect assessment

Back 23

Interviews of teacher, parents, IA, school, psychologist, etc.

- FAST( functional analysis screening tool)

- QABF( questions about bag joe function)

- MAS( motivation assessment scale)

-FAI ( functional assessment interview)

-SAI (student assisted interview )

Front 24

Function of behavior

Back 24

Escape, avoidance, attention, tangible, automatic( sensory)

Front 25

Use of FBA

Back 25

To id powerful reinforcers to be used to determine interventions, used to develops intervention plan

Front 26

Reinforcement

Back 26

Change to environment immediate fallowing behavior increases likely hood of behavior to occur again

Front 27

Punishment

Back 27

Change to environment immediate fallowing behavior decrease likely hood of behavior to occur again

Front 28

Positive reinforcement

Back 28

Response is followed immediately by presenting stimulus as a result ( similar response occurs frequently in the future)

Consequence is preferred stimuli ( stimuli not present before behavior )

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Negative reinforcement

Back 29

Response by removal, termination, reduction/ postponement of stimuli- leads to and increase in response occurring again in the future

Consequence removal of adversity stimuli ( stimuli present before behavior)

Front 30

Positive punishment

Back 30

Presentation of stimuli increase ( intensity of present stimuli) immediately following a behavior result decreases future frequency of behavior

Consequence adversive stimuli

Adding aversive consequence after undesired behavior

Front 31

Negative punishment

Back 31

Termination of present stimuli ( decrease in intensity of already present stimuli) immediately following behavior resulting in decrease of behavior occurring in the future

Consequence is removal of perfected stimuli

Termination of desired item/ activity after undesire behavior

Front 32

Variables of reinforcement

Back 32

Deprivation immediacy size contingency

Front 33

Continuous reinforcement

Back 33

Reinforcer provided every time behavior occurs

Front 34

Intermittent schedule of reinforcement

Back 34

Reinforcement given at certain time ( regardless of frequency of behavior)

Front 35

Fixed ratio (intermittent schedule)

Back 35

Completion of specific number of responses before reinforcement is produced

Every x4

Front 36

Variable ratio ( intermittent schedule)

Back 36

Completion a variable number of response for reinforcements

Average of every x2

Front 37

Fixed interval ( intermittent schedule)

Back 37

Provide reinforcement for behavior after a fixed amount of time

Every 5 minutes

Front 38

Variable interval (intermittent schedule)

Back 38

Provide reinforcement for the first correct response following a variable duration of time

On average every 5 minutes

Front 39

Discrete trail instruction

Back 39

Breaking skills down to small steps

Teaching steps to mastery

Provide repetition

Prompt and fade

Reinforcement

Front 40

Basic steps for implementing discrete trail teaching

Back 40

Deliver (SD) instructions

Learner response

Feedback ( correct or incorrect)

Inter-trial interval

Training continues till mastery

Data collected

Maintance

Generalization

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Sd

Back 41

Discriminative stimulus

Not always an instruction it can be an environmental factor creates behavior connection to reinforcer

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Prompts

Back 42

Response prompts

Stimulus prompts

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Response prompts

Back 43

Physical, verbal, visual, gestural , textural

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Stimulus prompts

Back 44

Positional (location of item changes to prevent client from favoring one side) ,movement(move target closer to client) , change material/ stimulus ( change material)

Front 45

Graduated guidance

Back 45

Shadowing client ( no touching, providing touch only when needed) used as final step of phasing out prompts

Front 46

Preventing prompt dependency

Back 46

Prompt fading

Time delay ( increase time delay between prompting and demand)

Front 47

Types of data collection for DTI

Back 47

Discrete trail instruction

Probe date ( date taken at first trail of each program, determine prompt from previous trails- effective in teaching skill)

Trial by trial data ( record prompt level used during trial. Response correct/incorrect or mistake during trial

Front 48

Errorless learning

Back 48

Early immediate prompt of target

Prompt faded over time/ session

Decrease frustration

Frequent contact with reinforcement

Front 49

No-no prompt

Back 49

Utilize least to most promoting

Start with no response and increase prompt hierarchy

Reactive strategy

Not used frequently

Front 50

Task analysis chaining

Back 50

Forward , backwards and total task

TA- not teaching but putting together previously mastered steps chained together to create complete task

Front 51

Naturalistic teaching

Back 51

Break down skills to smaller steps

Repetition

Use prompt fading

Done during session or play

Reinforcement related to material being taught

Front 52

Discrimination training

Back 52

One response two antecedent stimulus conditions

One stimulus is reinforced

Other stimulus is not reinforced= extinction

Steps:

Teach in isolation/ pair reinforcement

Teach with distractors ( increase field size) ( reinforcement only with correct response)

Mix trials to ensure discrimination

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Stimulus control

Back 53

When response emitted in the presence of stimulus produce reinforcement more often than response in the absence of the stimuli

- behaviors considered appropriate in one context but in appropriate in another context ( kissing family/ kissing not family)

Ex: red light(s.c.)- stop car

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Stimulus fading procedure

Back 54

Stimuli is highlight or exaggerated then faded out

Ex- number equation

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Stimulus shape transformation

Back 55

Initial stimulus shape prompt correct response , shape is gradually changed to natural form

Example cat/ car

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Maintance

Back 56

Learner continues to preform the target behavior( portion/ all) intervention has been terminated

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Generalization

Back 57

A variety of Behavioral process and behavioral change outcomes

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Generalization process

Back 58

Generalize behavior change

Response generalization

Response maintenance

Setting/ stimulus generalization

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Generalized behavior change

Back 59

Behavior change that hasn't been directly taught

One or combo of :

Response to maintenance

Stimulus/ setting generalization

Response generalization

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Response maintenance

Back 60

Learner continues to preform target behavior until intervention is terminated

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Stimulus/ setting generalization

Back 61

Setting/ situation generalized when learner emits a target behavior in a setting/ stimulus situation that is different from instructional setting

Or being able to emit target behavior in present of stimulus different from one being used to teach

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Response generalization

Back 62

Learner emits untrained response that are functionally equivalent to trained target behaviors

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FBA allows us to...

Back 63

Individualize behavior intervention plans

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DRL

Back 64

differential reinforcement of low rates

Want behavior to still occur but less often ( don't want to extinguish)

- child raises hand all the time, want them to raise hand less frequently

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Momentary DRO

Back 65

Fixed and variable schedule of contingency on ABSENSE of behavior at the END of specific intervals

- behavior not present last 1-2 seconds

Front 66

Interval DRO

Back 66

Fixed and variable schedules contingent of the ABSENCE of a behavior THROUGH an ENTIRE event

Front 67

Extinction

Back 67

Discontinuation of reinforcement of previously reinforced behavior.

primary effect is a decrease in frequency of behavior until reaches a pre- reinforced level or ceases to occur

- withholding reinforcement

- certain target behaviors on extinct

- prepare for extinct burst ( ignore behavior )

Positive reinforcement- individual DOES NOT gain access to item fallowing target reinforcement

Negative reinforcement-

Individual is NOt able to escape aversive stimuli

Front 68

Spontaneous recover

Back 68

Behavior on extinction, behavior extinguishes, behavior comes back

- quick behavior then ends again( less intensity)

- extinguished behavior is NEVER forgotten. Just doesn't receive intended outcome

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Behavior plans include

Back 69

- operational definition of target behavior

- statement about hypothesis of function of behavior

- antecedent / proactive intervention ( replace behavior that address function of behavior)

-consequence/ reaction strategies to address function of the behavior

Front 70

Antecedent intervention

Back 70

A behavior strategy that manipulates contingency - independent antecedent stimuli

- antecedent intervention to alter environment before behavior occurs

Ex: manipulate schedule, seating/ lighting, choices, high/ low -p sequence, premack( grandma rule), behavioral momentum

Front 71

MOs

Back 71

Motivating operations( antecedent/proactive intervention)

An envoi rental variable that MOMENTARILY increases or decreases effectiveness of reinforcer

Ex: squirrel in tree and nuts on the ground and dog comes over to the bottom of the tree

Front 72

SD (antecedent/proactive intervention)

Back 72

Evokes behavior because it's correlated with availability of reinforcement

Ex tool to gain attention, table, tap knee on table

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Consequence/ reactive strategies

Back 73

- antecedent intervention replacement behavior for desired change in students behavior

- consequence strategy, reinforce appropriate replacement behaviors taught

- consequence strategy respond consistently when target behavior occurs/ safety manage situation

**reduce frequency of behavior but unintentionally reinforcing it = slot machine ( empty threats ) ex: store tantrum and candy

Front 74

Differential reinforcement

Back 74

Reinforcing only responses within a response that meet specific criteria, placing all other responses on extinction

DRO, DRA, DRI, DRL

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DRO

Back 75

differential reinforcement of other behaviors

- I like your calm body

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DRA

Back 76

differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors

- humming instead of bitting

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DRI

Back 77

differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors

- no slapping / clap your hands