Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
ESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULA
|
Pharyngocele
Zenker's Traction diverticula Pulsion diverticula Pseudodiverticula Epiphrenic diverticulum Mimicking lesions (paraesoph hernia and perf) |
7
|
|
Four Categories of ESOPHAGEAL LUMINAL NARROWING
|
Webs
Rings Strictures Extrinsic |
WoRSE
|
|
ESOPHAGEAL LUMINAL NARROWING - Causes of Webs
|
Idiopathic
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome |
2
|
|
ESOPHAGEAL LUMINAL NARROWING - Causes of Rings
|
Congenital (vascular or muscular)
Schatzki's ring |
2
|
|
ESOPHAGEAL LUMINAL NARROWING - Causes of Strictures
|
Skin Lesions
Tumor Esophagitis (barrett's, lye, infection) Achalasia Scleroderma Chagas' dz |
6
|
|
ESOPHAGEAL LUMINAL NARROWING - Causes of extrinsic compression
|
Vascular
Left Bronchus Mediastinal tumor |
3
|
|
MEGAESOPHAGUS
|
• Achalasia
• Scleroderma • Dilatation secondary to distal narrowing • Chagas's disease • Diabetic or alcoholic neuropathy • Bulbar palsy |
ASD CBD
|
|
ESOPHAGEAL TEARS
|
Esophagitis
Tumor Vomiting T-E fistula congenital bronchpulmonary malformation |
|
|
SOLITARY ESOPHAGEAL FILLING DEFECTS (MASS LESIONS)
|
Neoplasm
FB Varices Extrinsic lesion |
4
|
|
Benign ESOPHAGEAL FILLING DEFECTS (MASS LESIONS)
|
Leiomyoma
Pedunculated fibrovascular polyp cyst papilloma fibroma hemangioma |
6
|
|
Malignant ESOPHAGEAL FILLING DEFECTS (MASS LESIONS)
|
SqCC
AdenoCA Carcinosarcoma Lymphoma Mets |
5
|
|
THICKENED ESOPHAGEAL FOLDS
|
• Early esophagitis
• Neoplasm (Lymphoma, Varicoid carcinoma) • Varices |
3
|
|
ESOPHAGEAL AIR-FLUID LEVEL
|
Hiatal hernia
Esophageal diverticulum Motility disorder (Achalasia, Scleroderma) Stricture (benign or cancer) |
4
|
|
CAUSES OF GASTRITIS
|
Erosive
Granulomatous Eosinophilic Hypertrophic (Menetrier, Z-E) Radiation Chemo Post-op |
7
|
|
Recurrent gastric ulcer
|
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Peptic ulcer disease Retained gastric antrum Drugs |
4
|
|
TARGET (BULL'S EYE) LESION OF STOMACH
|
Gastritis
Infection Mets (Melanoma, Kaposi's, lymphoma) Primary tumor (leiomyoma, sarcoma) |
GIMP
|
|
Infections causing stomach ulcers
|
candidiasis
herpes syphilis CMV |
4
|
|
Fixed Gastric Filling Defects - Neoplastic
|
• Adenocarcinoma
• Lymphoma • Leiomyosarcoma • Metastases • Kaposi sarcoma |
|
|
Fixed Gastric Filling Defects - Non-Neoplastic
|
• Endometriosis
• Carcinoid • Benign tumor • Polyps • Varices • Extramedullary hematopoiesis • Ectopic pancreas |
ECBPVEE
|
|
GIANT RUGAL FOLDS
|
Lymphoma
Inflammation |
2
|
|
LINITIS PLASTICA - neoplastic
|
scirrhous cancer
lymphoma mets direct invasion of pancreatic CA |
SLiMeD
|
|
LINITIS PLASTICA - non-neoplastic
|
Erosive Gastritis
radiation sarcoid amyloid hematoma TB syphilis |
7
|
|
GASTRIC ANTRAL LESIONS
|
Adenocarcinoma
Lymphoma Metastases Crohn's PUD TB Sarcoid Pyloric Stenosis Pylorospasm Web |
10
|
|
FREE INTRAPERITONEAL AIR
|
post-op
duodenal ulcer perf cecal perf pneumatosis coli insufflation |
5
|
|
Benign Neoplastic Duodenal Filling Defects
|
Adenoma
Leiomyoma Carcinoid Villous Adenoma |
4
|
|
Malignant Neoplastic Duodenal Filling Defects
|
AdenoCA
Mets (direct invasion or melanoma) |
2
|
|
Non-neoplastic Duodenal Filling Defects
|
Ectopic gastric/pancreatic mucosa
Prolapsed antral mucosa Brunner gland hyperplasia Varices Annular pancreas Enterolith Choledochocele |
7
|
|
Duodenal LUMINAL OUTPOUCHINGS
|
Ulcer
Diverticulum (medial, 2nd part) Pseudodiverticulum Fistula |
4
|
|
POSTBULBAR DUODENAL NARROWING
|
Neoplasm
Postbulbar ulcer Duodenitis Crohn's disease Pancreatitis Duplication Cyst Annular Pancreas Hematoma Vascular (AAA or SMA syndrome) |
9
|
|
PAPILLARY ENLARGEMENT (DUODENUM)
|
Normal variant
Choledochocele Pancreatitis Acute duodenal ulcer Impacted stone Ampullary cancer Adenomatous polyp CA |
8
|
|
PARALYTIC (ADYNAMIC) ILEUS
|
Post-Op
IBD Localized inflammation Metabolic (hypo-K/Ca/Mg) Opiates |
5
|
|
MECHANICAL SBO
|
• Adhesions
• Hernias • Tumors • Gallstones • Strictures |
HAT GaS
|
|
Predominantly thick/irregular SB folds
|
• Whipple's disease
• Amyloid • Giardiasis (largely affects jejunum), graft vs. host reaction, gammaglobulinopathy • Cryptosporidiosis (largely affects jejunum ) • Lymphoma, lymphangiectasia, lactase deficiency • Eosinophilic gastroenteritis • Mycobacterium avium complex |
WAG CLEM
|
|
Predominantly dilated SB loops
|
Sprue
Obstruction or ileus Scleroderma Other (morphine) |
SOSO
|
|
SB thickening
|
Ischemia
Enteritis Infectious Radiation Hypoproteinemia GVH reaction Lymphoma, leukemia Infiltrating carcinoid causing venous stasis hemorrhage |
9
|
|
SB submucosal hemorrhage
|
• Henoch-Schonlein disease
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome • Coagulopathy • Thrombocytopenia, DIC |
HHCT
|
|
SB nodules
|
• Mastocytosis
• Lymphoid hyperplasia • Lymphoma • Metastases • Polyps • Crohn's disease |
6
|
|
BENIGN SMALL BOWEL TUMORS
|
• Adenoma (most common)
• Leiomyoma (second most common) • Lipoma • Hemangioma • Neurogenic tumors (NF) • Other (Brunner gland hyperplasia, Heterotopic pancreatic tissue) |
ALLaH NO
|
|
MALIGNANT SMALL BOWEL TUMORS
|
Mets (melanoma, kidney, breast, kaposi)
Lymphoma Carcinoid Sarcoma Adenocarcinoma |
5
|
|
MESENTERIC BOWEL ISCHEMIA
|
Occlusive (Embolic, Thombotic, Venous Thrombosis)
Non-Occlusive (hypotension, hypovolemia) |
|
|
SHORTENED SB TRANSIT TIME
|
• Anxiety
• Hyperthyroidism • Medication • Partial SBO (paradoxical to point of obstruction) |
HAMP
|
|
Nonneoplastic polypoid abnormalities of the colon
|
• Lymphofollicular pattern
• Pneumatosis coli • Colitis cystica profunda • Amyloidosis • Endometriosis • Ischemic colitis |
ALP ICE
|
|
Aphthoid ulcers of the colon
|
• Crohn's
• Amebiasis • Behcet's syndrome • CMV • Herpes |
5
|
|
Deep Ulcers of the Colon
|
Inflammatory
Infectious Ischemic Radiation |
4 broad categories
|
|
mets to colon
|
gastric
ovarian |
2
|
|
LONG (> 10 CM) COLONIC NARROWING
|
• Scirrhous adenocarcinoma
• Lymphoma • UC (with or without carcinoma) • Crohn's disease • Ischemic stricture • Radiation |
I C SLUR
|
|
AHAUSTRAL COLON
|
• Cathartic abuse (often right colon)
• UC, Crohn's disease • Amebiasis • Aging (usually left colon) |
CUAA
|
|
COLONIC OBSTRUCTION
|
Carcinoma, 65%
Diverticulitis, 20% Volvulus, 5% Impaction Hernia |
CDVIH
|
|
MEGACOLON
|
UC/Crohn's
Infectious (Amebiasis, shigella, C.diff) tumor ileus volvulus laxative abuse ogilvie's hirschprungs chagas' neuromuscular disorder drugs |
12
|
|
ADULT INTUSSUSCEPTION
|
idiopathic
tumor meckel's adhesions aberrant pancreas |
5
|
|
BENIGN CAUSES OF PNEUMATOSIS COLI
|
• COPD
• Ventilator • Mucosal injury (rectal tube insertion, colonoscopy, surgery ) • Scleroderma • Steroids • Chemotherapy |
|
|
SERIOUS CAUSES OF PNEUMATOSIS COLI
|
• Infarcted bowel
• NEC (neonates) • Toxic megacolon • Typhlitis |
TINT
|
|
Causes of Ileocecal Inflammation
|
Crohn's (string sign)
UC (wide open) TB Typhlitis Tumor (Lymphoma, AdenoCA, Carcinoid) |
CUTTT
|
|
PROCTITIS
|
• Condylomata acuminata
• Lymphogranuloma venereum • Gonococcal proctitis • UC, Crohn's disease |
CLUG
|
|
Solid Liver Masses
|
• Neoplasm
• Focal fatty liver (pseudotumor) • Regenerating nodules in cirrhosis |
3
|
|
Cystic Liver Masses
|
• Infectious (Echinococcus, Amebiasis, Bacterial)
• Benign masses Simple cysts Biliary cystadenoma Obstructed intrahepatic GB Biloma • Malignant masses (necrotic primary or mets) |
|
|
Increased liver density
|
• Hemachromatosis
• Glycogen storage disease • Wilson's disease • Amiodarone, cisplatin |
HoGWAsh (cis)
|
|
Decreased liver density
|
Obesity
Nutritional Alcohol Diabetes Steroids Chemotherapy |
CONADS
|
|
HYPERVASCULAR PRIMARY LIVER LESIONS
|
Hemangioma
rare vascular tumors: Hemangioendothelioma, hemangiopericytoma, angiosarcoma intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma |
3
|
|
HYPERVASCULAR SECONDARY LIVER LESIONS
|
Thyroid
Renal cell cancer Islet cell Melanoma Sarcoma Breast Carcinoid |
TRIMS BaCk
|
|
ROUND HYPERECHOIC LIVER LESIONS
|
Hemangioma
Hypervascular metastases Calcified metastases HCC Fibrolamellar HCC Focal Fat Lipoma AML Gaucher's |
HHooCH FFLAG
|
|
LINEAR HYPERECHOIC LIVER LESIONS
|
• Air in biliary tree
• Air in portal veins • Biliary ascariasis |
3
|
|
MULTIPLE HYPOECHOIC LIVER LESIONS - TUMOR
|
• Metastases
• Lymphoma • Multifocal HCC |
HeLM
|
|
MULTIPLE HYPOECHOIC LIVER LESIONS - INFECTION
|
• Multiple pyogenic abscesses
• Amebic abscesses • Echinococcus • Candidiasis • Schistosomiasis |
SCAPE
|
|
MULTIPLE HYPOECHOIC LIVER LESIONS - OTHER
|
• Regenerating nodules, cirrhosis
• Sarcoid • Extramedullary hematopoiesis • Hematomas • Hemangioma |
HHERS
|
|
GAS IN LIVER
|
• Biliary gas
• Portal venous gas • Abscess • Emphysematous cholecystitis |
4
|
|
EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY DILATATION - INTRAPANCREATIC
|
• Cancer (Pancreatic)
• Calculus • Chronic pancreatitis |
CCC
|
|
EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY DILATATION - SUPRAPANCREATIC
|
Biliary Ductal CA
LAD |
2
|
|
EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY DILATATION - PORTAL
|
• Invasive GB carcinoma
• Surgical strictures • Hepatoma • Cholangiocarcinoma |
SHIC
|
|
Diffuse (concentric) GB wall thickening
|
Non-fasting
Cholecystitis (acute and chronic) Portal venous hypertension Hypoalbuminemia Hepatitis AIDS Ascites |
NCPHHAA
|
|
Focal GB wall thickening
|
Neoplasm
Sludge (adherent) AIDS |
NSA
|
|
HYPERECHOIC FOCI IN GALLBLADDER WALL
|
• Calculus
• Polyp • Cholesterol • Emphysematous cholecystitis • Porcelain GB |
CCPEP
|
|
DENSE GALLBADDER (CT)
|
• Vicarious excretion of contrast
• Calculi • Milk of calcium bile • Reflux of oral contrast • Hemorrhage |
VCMRH
|
|
CYSTIC PANCREATIC LESIONS
|
Microcystic adenoma (benign)
Mucinous cystadenos (pre-malig) epithelial malignancy simple cyst (VHL) pseudocyst Duct ectasia |
6
|
|
HYPERECHOIC PANCREAS
|
• Cystic fibrosis
• Pancreatic lipomatosis |
2
|
|
FOCAL SPLENIC LESIONS - TUMOR
|
mets (lymphoma, melanoma, ovary)
hem/lymphangioma hamartoma rare stuff |
MHH(R)
|
|
FOCAL SPLENIC LESIONS - INFECTION
|
Abscess
Candidiasis TB MAI Schisto PCP |
CaTS MaP
|
|
FOCAL SPLENIC LESIONS - OTHER
|
Infarct
Hematoma Cyst Gaucher's (fatty nodule) |
CHIG
|
|
SPLENOMEGALY
|
Leukemia/Lymphoma
Mono Histo Gaucher's Amyloid Hemochromatosis Trauma Portal HTN Thalassemia Myelofibrosis Anemia |
THuMP HAG MALT
|
|
PERITONEAL WATER-DENSITY FLUID COLLECTIONS
|
• Ascites
• Urinoma • Biloma • Seroma • Lymphocele • Pancreatic pseudocyst • CSF pseudocyst (VP shunt) |
7
|
|
COMPLEX PERITONEAL FLUID COLLECTIONS
|
• Abscess
• Hematoma • Pseudomyxoma peritonei • Pancreatic necrosis |
AHPP
|
|
INTRAPERITONEAL CALCIFICATIONS
|
Arterial
Enteric Lymph Node Pancreas Biliary Renal old hematoma uterus fetal skeleton phlebolith teratoma echinococcal cyst |
12
|
|
GI Infection in AIDS
|
• CMV
• Candida • Herpes • Cryptococcus • MAI |
CCCHM
|
|
GI tumors in AIDS
|
• Kaposi
• Lymphoma |
2
|
|
esophageal ulcers in AIDS
|
Candida
CMV herpes |
3
|
|
esophageal sinus tracts in AIDS
|
TB
actinomycosis |
2
|
|
proximal small bowel ulcers in AIDS
|
cryptococcus
|
1
|
|
proximal small bowel nodules in AIDS
|
Kaposi's, MAIC
|
2
|
|
distal small bowel enteritis in AIDS
|
TB
MAIC CMV |
3
|
|
Colitis in AIDS
|
CMV
C. diff Typhlitis |
3
|
|
biliary strictures in AIDS
|
CMV
cryptococcus |
2
|
|
ABDOMINAL COMPLICATIONS AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY
|
• GI hemorrhage, 50%
• Cholecystitis (emphysematous, acalculous, or calculous), 20 % • Pancreatitis, 10% • Perforated peptic ulcer, 10% • Mesenteric ischemia, 5% • Perforated diverticular disease, 5% |
6
|