Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is anterior to condyle & separated from it by mandibular fossa?
|
coronoid process
|
|
|
What inserts on the coronoid process?
|
temporalis muscle
|
|
|
Origin and insertion of masseter
|
Zygomatic arch -> lateral surface of ramus and angle
|
|
|
Where does medial pterygoid muscle insert?
|
medial surface of ramus
|
|
|
What passes through mandibular foramen?
|
Inferior alveolar artery and nerve
|
|
|
What and where do artery and nerve to mylohyoid muscle branch off?
|
inferior alveolar artery and nerve just prior to entry into mandibular foramen
|
|
|
Describe course of inferior alveolar artery and nerve
|
travel anterio and innervate mandibular teeth and then exit through mental foramen as mental artery and nerve
|
|
|
Where does sphenomandibular ligament attach
|
lingula
|
|
|
Where does temporalis muscle originate from?
|
pterion
|
|
|
Where does temporalis muscle insert?
|
coronoid process
|
|
|
Does temporalis pass lateral or medial to zygomatic arch?
|
medial (inside)
|
|
|
Where does temporalis fascia arise and insert on?
|
Superior temporal line -> zygomatic arch
|
|
|
What does temporalis fascia resist?
|
downward pull of masseter
|
|
|
What are the four muscles of mastication?
|
temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
|
|
|
What innervates the muscles of mastication?
|
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
|
|
|
Where are pterygoids located?
|
infratemporal fossa
|
|
|
Where do pterygoids originate?
|
Medial and lateral surfaces of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
|
|
|
Where does medial pterygoid insert?
|
medial side of ramus and angle inferior to mandibular foramen
|
|
|
Where does lateral pterygoid insert?
|
capsule and articular disc of TMJ and neck of mandible
|
|
|
What motion do pterygoids make?
|
grinding
|
|
|
What does TMJ involve?
|
condyle of mandible and both the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of temporal bone. Also articular disc
|
|
|
Where do the mylohyoid muscles meet?
|
midline
|
|
|
Which muscles elevate the mandible?
|
temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid
|
|
|
Which muscle retracts mandible?
|
temporalis
|
|
|
Which muscles depress the mandible?
|
mylohyoids
|
|
|
Lateral border of infratemporal fossa
|
ramus of mandible
|
|
|
medial border of infratemporal fossa
|
lateral pterygoid plate
|
|
|
anterior border of infratemporal fossa
|
posterior surface (tuberosity) of maxilla
|
|
|
superior border of infratemporal fossa
|
infratemporal fossa of grater wing of sphenoid
|
|
|
inferior border of infratemporal fossa
|
open down to gum line of maxilla
|
|
|
What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?
|
mandibular nerve, maxillary artery and vein, pterygoid plexus of veins, two pterygoid muscles, chorda tympani nerve, otic ganglion
|
|
|
Where does mandibular part of maxillary artery run from?
|
External carotid artery to edge of lateral pterygoid muscle
|
|
|
Where does pterygoid part of maxillary artery run?
|
Crosses lateral pterygoid muscle
|
|
|
What is the last part of maxillary artery called?
|
pterygopalatine
|
|
|
What are the branches of the mandibular part of maxillary artery?
|
deep auricular, anterior tympanic, inferior alveolar, middle meningeal, accessory meningeal
|
|
|
What do deep auricular and anterior tympanic arteries supply?
|
external acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane
|
|
|
What does inferior alveolar artery supply?
|
mandibular teeth and gums
|
|
|
Describe course of middle meningeal artery and what it supplies
|
passes between 2 roots of auriculotemporal nerve on way to foramen spinosum. Supplies dura mater.
|
|
|
Where does accessory meningeal artery enter skull?
|
foramen ovale
|
|
|
What are the branches of the pterygoid part of maxillary artery?
|
pteryoid, masseteric, and deep temporal branches all to muscles of mastication; buccal branch passes forward to supply buccinator
|
|
|
Where does mandibular nerve enter infratemporal fossa and what does it supply?
|
Through foramen ovale. Supplies deep structures of face and mouth, 4 muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, and tensor veli palatini
|
|
|
What does V3 give off b/f dividing into anterior and posterior trunks?
|
meningeal branch (accompanies middle meningeal artery into skull) & medial pteryoid branch (supplies medial pterygoid and tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini)
|
|
|
What branches off posterior trunk of V3?
|
inferior alveolar, auriculotemporal, and lingual
|
|
|
Which branch of posterior branch of V3 has motor component?
|
inferior alveolar -> to mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric.
|
|
|
What do branches of anterior branch of V3 supply?
|
temporalis, lateral pterygoid, masseter, and buccinator
|
|
|
What is chorda tympani a branch of?
|
facial nerve
|
|
|
What does chorda tympani carry?
|
taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and presynaptic parasympathetic fibers destined for submandibular ganglion.
|
|
|
Where do postsynaptic fibers from submandibular ganglion go?
|
Innervate submandibular, sublingual, and minor salivary glands of ant. part of mouth
|
|
|
Describe course of fibers that synapse in otic ganglion.
|
Preganglionic fibers originate in inferior salivatory nucleus and leave skull in CN IX. Reenter as tympanic nerve. Cross promonotry of tympanic cavity and leave as lesser petrosal nerve. Exit cranial cavity via foramen ovale and synapse in otic ganglion. Postglanglionic parasympathetics join and travel in auriculotemporal nerve to parotid gland which they innervate.
|
|
|
5 layers of wall of pharynx from external to internal
|
buccopharyngeal fascia, circular muscle layer, longitudinal muscle layer, pharyngobasilar fascia, mucous membrane
|
|
|
muscles in longitudinal layer
|
stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus
|
|
|
insertion of circular muscle layer
|
pharyngeal raphe
|
|
|
Origin of superior constrictor
|
pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, mandible
|
|
|
origin of middle constrictor
|
hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament
|
|
|
origin of inferior constrictor
|
thyroid and cricoid cartilages
|
|
|
insertion of longitudinal muscle layer
|
pharyngeal wall
|
|
|
Additional insertion of stylopharyngeus
|
thyroid cartilage
|
|
|
Origin of stylopharyngeus
|
styloid process
|
|
|
origin of salpingopharyngeus
|
eustachian tube
|
|
|
origin of palatopharyngeus
|
palatine aponeurosis of soft palate
|
|
|
Stuctures in gap superior to superior constrictor
|
eustachian tube, levator veli palatini
|
|
|
structures in gap between superior and middle constrictors
|
stylopharyngeus, CN IX
|
|
|
structures in gap between middle and inferior constrictor
|
internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery
|
|
|
structures in gap inferior to inferior constrictor
|
recurrent laryngeal nerve
|
|
|
Important structures in nasopharynx
|
opening of eustachian tube, tonus tubarius, levator cushion, pharyngeal recess, pharyngeal tonsil
|
|
|
important structures in oropharynx
|
palatopharyngeal fold, palatine tonsil, pharyngeal part of tongue, lingual tonsil
|
|
|
important structures in laryngopharynx
|
vallecula, laryngeal inlet, piriform recess
|
|
|
sensory innervation of mucosa of nasopharynx
|
maxillary nerve
|
|
|
sensory innervation of mucosa of oropharynx
|
CN IX via pharyngeal plexus
|
|
|
sensory innervation of mucosa of laryngopharynx
|
vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
|
|
|
Innervation of all muscles of pharynx except stylopharyngeus
|
vagus
|
|
|
Innervation of stylopharyngeus
|
CN IX
|
|
|
Blood supply to upper part of pharynx
|
ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial
|
|
|
Blood supply to lower part of pharynx
|
superior and inferior thyroid arteries
|
|
|
Structures that enter retropharyngeal region through carotid canal
|
internal carotid artery, internal carotid plexus
|
|
|
What is carried in internal carotid plexus?
|
primarily sympathetics from superior cervical ganglion
|
|
|
What exits the retropharyngeal region throughthe jugular foramen?
|
CN IX, X, XI, sigmoid sinus, inferior petrosal sinus
|
|
|
What exits retropharyngeal region via hypoglossal canal?
|
CN XII
|
|
|
What does pterygopalatine fossa contain?
|
third part of maxillary artery, maxillary nerve, and pterygopalatine ganglion
|
|
|
Anterior border of pterygopalatine fossa
|
maxilla
|
|
|
posterior border of pterygopalatine fossa
|
pterygoid process
|
|
|
medial border of pterygopalatine fossa
|
perpendicular plate of palatine
|
|
|
lateral border of pterygopalatine fossa
|
pterygomaxillary fissure
|
|
|
passes through pterygomaxillary fissure
|
maxillary artery
|
|
|
passes through sphenopalatine foramen
|
sphenopalatine artery and nasal branches of maxillary nerve
|
|
|
passes through foramen rotundum
|
maxillary nerve
|
|
|
passes through inferior orbital fissure
|
infraorbital and zygomatic branches of maxillary nerve
|
|
|
passes through greater palatine canal
|
greater palatine nerve and descending palatine artery
|
|
|
innervation of hard palate
|
greater palatine nerve
|
|
|
innervation of soft palate
|
lesser palatine nerve
|
|
|
passes through pharyngeal canal
|
pharyngeal nerve
|
|
|
passes through pterygoid canal
|
nerve of pterygoid canal containing greater petrosal nerve and deep petrosal nerve
|
|
|
Branches of pterygopalatine part of maxillary artery
|
posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, descending palatine artery, artery of pterygoid canal, pharyngeal, sphenopalatine artery (terminal)
|
|
|
What does posterior superior alveolar artery supply?
|
maxillary sinus and posterior teeth and gums of maxilla
|
|
|
What does infraorbital artery supply?
|
anterior teeth and gums
|
|
|
What happens to descending palatine artery?
|
divides into greater and lesser palatine arteries to supply the hard and soft palates
|
|
|
Where does artery of pterygoid canal go?
|
foramen lacerum
|
|
|
Where does pharyngeal artery go?
|
nasopharynx
|
|
|
What does sphenopalatine artery supply?
|
nasal cavity
|
|
|
Describe course and branches of maxillary nerve
|
enters through foramen rotundum, gives off zygomatic nerve in fossa and continues as infraorbital nerve. Also gives off 2 ganglion branches that unite at pteryopalatine ganglion which they pass through and then divide into greater and lesser palatine, posterior superior nasal, and pharyngeal branches
|
|
|
what type of ganglion is the pterygopalatine ganglion?
|
parasympathetic
|
|
|
What brings preganglion parasympathetic fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion?
|
nerve of pterygoid canal (from greater petrosal nerve)
|
|
|
What carries postglanglionic parasympathetic fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion and where do they go?
|
ganglionic branches of maxillary nerve. Supply secretomotor fxn to small glands of nasal cavity, hard and soft palate, and upper pharynx
|
|
|
Describe course of parasympathetics going from pterygopalatine ganglion to lacrimal gland
|
Into main trunk of maxillary nerve via pterygopalatine branches to zygomatic and zygomaticotemporal branches. Cross over to lacrimal branch of opthalmic nerve by communicating branch and into lacrimal gland
|
|
|
What forms septum of nose?
|
perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer
|
|
|
What forms lateral wall of nose?
|
maxillae, ethmoid, perpendicular plate of palatine and medial plate of pterygoid
|
|
|
What forms floor of nasal cavity?
|
palatine processes of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine
|
|
|
What forms roof of nasal cavity?
|
cribiform plate of ethmoid, sphenoid
|
|
|
Where do posterior ethmoidal air cells open?
|
superior meatus
|
|
|
What lies in middle meatus?
|
ethmoid bulla, hiatus semilunaris, ethmoid infundibulum
|
|
|
What drains into middle meatus?
|
frontonasal duct, anterior and middle ethmoid, maxillary sinus
|
|
|
What drains into inferior meatus?
|
nasolacrimal duct
|
|
|
What drains into sphenoethmoidal recess?
|
sphenoid sinus
|
|
|
What arteries supply the nose?
|
spehnopalatine and anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
|
|
|
What goes through incisive canal?
|
nasopalatine artery, greater palatine artery
|
|
|
What provides blood to anterior part of nasal walls?
|
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
|
|
|
What supplies general sensation to anterior superior portion of nasal cavity?
|
anterior ethmoidal branches of CN V1.
|
|
|
What provides sensation to posteroinferior portion of nasal cavity?
|
posterior superior nasal branches of V2 and posterior inferior nasal branches of greater palatine nerve
|
|
|
What innervates skin around nares?
|
infraorbital nerve supply
|
|
|
What provides blood to posterior portions of lateral and septal walls?
|
sphenopalatine artery
|
|
|
What does greater palatine artery supply in the nose?
|
small part of nasal septum
|
|
|
3 muscles in floor of oral cavity
|
mylohyoid, geniohyoid, genioglossus
|
|
|
Origin and insertion of buccinator
|
pterygomandibular raphe-->orbicularis oris
|
|
|
Innervation of buccinator
|
CN VII
|
|
|
Origin and insertion of mylohyoid
|
mylohyoid lines on mandible-->hyoid bone and midline raphe
|
|
|
Innervation of mylohyoid
|
nerve to mylohyoid from CN V3
|
|
|
Origin and insertion of geniohyoid
|
hyoid --> inferior mental spines of mandible
|
|
|
Action of geniohyoid
|
elevate hyoid; depress mandible
|
|
|
Innervation of geniohyoid
|
branch of C1
|
|
|
origin and insertion of genioglossus
|
superior mental spines --> central mass of tongue and hyoid bone
|
|
|
Action of genioglossus
|
protracts tongue
|
|
|
4 intrinsic muscles of tongue
|
inferior and superior longitudinal, transverse, verticle
|
|
|
4 extrinsic muscles of tongue
|
genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus
|
|
|
3 papillae with taste buds
|
fungiform, vallate, foliate
|
|
|
General sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue
|
lingual nerve from V3
|
|
|
Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
|
chorda tympani (CN VII)
|
|
|
General sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue
|
CN IX and X
|
|
|
taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
|
CN IX and X
|
|
|
Innervation of muscles of tongue except palatoglossus
|
CN XII
|
|
|
Innervation of palatoglossus
|
CN X
|
|
|
Parasympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual ganglia
|
Chorda tympani to lingual nerve to submandibular ganglion
|
|
|
Where do lingual and hypoglossal nerves travel
|
from posterior between mylohyoid and hyoglossus
|
|
|
What does deep lingual vein run with?
|
hypoglossal nerve
|
|
|
Blood supply and innervation of mandibular teeth
|
inferior alveolar artery and nerve
|
|
|
Blood supply and innervation of maxillary teeth
|
posterior superior alveolar artery, anterior superior alveolar artery, superior alveolar nerves
|
|
|
5 muscles of soft palate
|
tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, musuclaris uvulae
|
|
|
Innervation of muscles of soft palate except tensor veli palatini
|
CN X
|
|
|
Innervation of tensor veli palatini
|
CN V3
|
|
|
Level of larynx
|
C3-C6
|
|
|
Blood supply to larynx
|
superior and inferior laryngeal arteries which are branches of superior and inferior thyroid arteries
|
|
|
Where and with what does superior laryngeal nerve travel?
|
Through hole is thyrohyoid membrane with internal laryngeal nerve
|
|
|
Where and with what does inferior laryngeal artery travel?
|
Ascends trachea with recurrent laryngeal nerve and enters larynx at inferior border of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
|
|
|
Sensory and motor innervation of larynx
|
CN X
|
|
|
What is quandrangular membrane between?
|
epiglottis and arytenoid cartilage
|
|
|
What forms vocal ligament?
|
Superior thickened edge of cricothyroid ligament
|
|
|
What forms laryngeal inlet?
|
epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, interarytenoid notch
|
|
|
What are ventricles between?
|
vestibular and vocal folds
|
|
|
What is the glottis?
|
space between the vocal cords
|
|
|
Where is piriform recess?
|
lateral and external to aryepiglottic folds
|
|
|
Sensory innervation of larynx superior to vocal folds
|
internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
|
|
|
sensory innervation of larynx inferior to vocal folds
|
recurrent laryngeal nerve
|
|
|
Muscles that elevate larynx
|
geniohyoid, mylohyoid, digastrics, stylohyoid
|
|
|
Muscles that depress larynx
|
sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thryohyoid
|
|
|
Action of cricothyroid
|
tenses vocal ligaments
|
|
|
Innervation of cricothyroid
|
external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
|
|
|
Action of thryoarytenoid/vocalis
|
relaxes vocal ligament
|
|
|
Action of posterior cricoarytenoid
|
Abducts vocal ligament
|
|
|
Action of lateral cricoarytenoid
|
adducts vocal ligament
|
|
|
Action of transverse/oblique arytenoid
|
reduce size of laryngeal inles
|
|
|
Innervation of intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid
|
recurrent laryngeal nerve
|
