Quiz 1 Ap2 Cont'

Front 1

How many leukocytes are in one microliter of blood?

Back 1

5,000 to 10,000

Front 2

What is the main function of leukocytes?

Back 2

Defense against disease

Front 3

What is leukocytosis?

Back 3

increased count of WBC's (>11,000)

Front 4

What are the two categories of leukocytes?

Back 4

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

Front 5

What are the granulocytes?

Back 5

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Front 6

What are the agranulocytes?

Back 6

monocytes and lymphocytes

Front 7

White blood cells (greatest to least)

Back 7

neutrophils

lymphocytes

monocytes

eosinophils

basophils

Front 8

What are the characteristics of neutrophils?

Back 8

Granulocyte

Polymorphonuclear (multi-lobed) nucleus

Twice the size of RBCs

Contains hydrolytic enzymes or defensins

Very phagocytic

"Bacteria slayers"

Front 9

What are the characteristics of eosinophils?

Back 9

Granulocyte

Bi-lobed (owl-eyed) nucleus

Release enzymes to digest parasitic worms

Allergies and asthma

Modulates immune response

Front 10

What are characteristics of basophils?

Back 10

Granulocyte

Rarest WBCs

Large, obstructed nucleus

Contains histamine (vasodilator to attract WBCs to inflamed sites)

Front 11

What are characteristics of lymphocytes?

Back 11

Agranulocyte

Large, circular nucleus with halo

Mostly in lymphoid tissue (lymph nodes, spleen)

Crucial to immunity

Front 12

What are the two types of lymphocytes and what are their functions?

Back 12

T-cells: acts against virus-infected cells and tumor cells

B-cells: produces antibodies

Front 13

What are the characteristics of monocytes?

Back 13

Largest leukocytes

Kidney shaped nucleus

Immature (matures into macrophages)

Front 14

What is leukopoiesis?

Back 14

Production of WBCs

Front 15

Where do all leukocytes orginate?

Back 15

Hemocytoblasts

Front 16

What are the two types of chemical messengers that stimulate leucopoiesis and where are they found?

Back 16

Interleukins (IL-3, IL-5)

Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)

Found in red bone marrow and mature WBCs

Front 17

What do lymphoid stem cells produce?

Back 17

lymphocytes

Front 18

What do myeloid stem cells produce?

Back 18

basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes

Front 19

Where are granulocytes stored?

Back 19

bone marrow

Front 20

What is leukopenia?

Back 20

Abnormally low WBC count--drug induced

Front 21

How does leukemia affect the WBCs?

Back 21

It produces an overabundance of WBCs--usually 250,000 to 1,000,000

Front 22

What are the different types of leukemia?

Back 22

Myeloid-involves myeloblast descendents (B,E,N, M)

Lymphocytic-involves lymphocytes

Front 23

What are the characteristics of infectious mononucleosis?

Back 23

AKA Epstein-Barr virus

High numbers of atypical agranulocytes

Front 24

What are characteristics of platelets?

Back 24

Blood clotting

Megakaryoctyes

Granules contain serotonin, calcium ion,

enzymes, ADP and platelet-derived growth

factor

Front 25

What is hemostasis?

Back 25

Fast series of reactions for stoppage of bleeding

Front 26

What are the steps in hemostasis?

Back 26

1. Vascular spasm-(vasoconstriction of damaged blood vessel)

2. Platelet plug formation-(exposes collagen

fibers and platelets adhere)

3. Coagulation-(Fibrin forms a mesh that traps RBCs and platelets, which forms a clot

Front 27

What are the disorders of hemostasis?

Back 27

Thromboembolic disorders: undesirable clot

formation

Bleeding disorders: abnormalities that prevent normal clot formation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)-involves both types

Front 28

What is a thrombus?

Back 28

clot that develops and persists in unbroken blood vessel

Front 29

What is an embolus?

Back 29

thrombus freely floating in the bloodstream

Front 30

What is an embolism?

Back 30

embolus obstructing a vessel (most common in lungs)

Front 31

What are the risk factors?

Back 31

artherosclerosis, inflammation, slowly flwoing blood or blood stasis from immobility

Front 32

What is thrombocytopenia?

Back 32

deficient number of circulating platelets

Front 33

What are symptoms of thrombocytopenia?

Back 33

Petichiae-appear due to spontaneous, widespread hemorrhage

Due to suppression or destruction of red bone marrow (malignancy, radiation, drugs)

Front 34

What are the characteristics of impaired living function?

Back 34

Inability to synthesize procoagulants

Vitamin K deficiency, hepatitis, and cirrhosis

Front 35

What is are the different types of hemophilia?

Back 35

Hemophilia A-most common type; factor VIII

deficiency

Hemophilia B-factor IX deficiency

Hemophilia C-factor XI deficiency

Front 36

What are the types of blood transfusions?

Back 36

Whole-blood: used when blood loss is rapid and substantial

Packed red cells: plasma and WBCs removed, used to restore oxygen-carrying capacity

Front 37

What are the blood groups?

Back 37

A, B, AB, O

Front 38

Type A blood

Back 38

contains A antigen

anti B

Can receive blood from A, O

Front 39

Type B blood

Back 39

contains B antigen

anti A

Can receive blood from B, O

Front 40

Type AB blood

Back 40

Universal recipient

contains A and B antigen

no antibodies

Can receive A, B, AB, O

Front 41

Type O blood

Back 41

Universal donor

no antigens

anti A and anti B

Can receive O

Front 42

Rh factor

Back 42

Anti-Rh antibodies not spontaneously formed in Rh- individuals

Front 43

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Back 43

occurs in Rh- mom with Rh+ fetus

occurs with 2nd baby who is Rh+ (in Rh- mom's)

Rh- mother receives Rhogam injection at appox 28 weeks

Front 44

What is blood typing?

Back 44

Mixing RBCs with antibodies against its agglutinogens causes clumping or RBCs

Done for ABO and for Rh factor