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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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agoraphobia
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anxiety disorder where a person is afraid to be in places or situations where escaping it might be difficult or embarrassing
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adjustment disorder
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a reaction to a major stressor w/ anxiety, depression, antisocial behavior which impair social functioning w/in 3 months of introduction to an identifiable stressor. 2 types: acute- less than 6 months, chronic- more than 6 months
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amygdala
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a structure in the brain; plays a key role in emotion and memory. Primarily activated during panic attacks and anxiety
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antianxiety drugs
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medictation to calm and relax people w/ excessive anxiety amongst other disorders
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antidepressant drugs
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psychotropic drugs that improve the mood of people with depression; also useful for people with anxiety and panic disorders
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antipsychotic drugs
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drugs that help correct grossly confused or distorted thinking found in psychotic disorders; repress hallucinations
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anxiety
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vague and irrationally strong emotion of being in danger
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assessment
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process of collecting useful info from people for the purpose of making a diagnosis and treatment plan
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asylum
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by mid 16th century mental care turned for the worse when monasteries were converted to asylums, which provided terrible care and became filthy prisons for the mentally ill
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axon
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the long fiber extending from the body of a neuron
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Bedlam
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an example of a terrible asylum in the 16th century in London. Became a tourist attraction to watch the insane and their behaviors
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BDI
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Beck Depression Inventory: an effective response inventory where people rate their level of sadness and its affects on their functioning
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Benjamin Rush
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founder of American Psychiatric Foundation
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Benzodiazepines
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a family of drugs which immitate the GABA neurotransmitter
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Biological Model
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represents psychological illnesses as organ malfunction, stemming the study of neuroscience
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cerebrum
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composed of cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system; controls all voluntary actions in the body
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community treatment
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*
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corpus callosum
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neural fibers connecting both hemispheres in the brain
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comorbidity
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occurance of 2 or more disorders at the same time
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conversion disorder
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when psychological problems convert to physiological deficits, which cant be explained by physiological mechanisms
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deinstitutionalization
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the discharge of large numbers of patients from long term institutional care so they may be treated in community programs
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dendrite
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an extension at one end of a neuron which recieves impulses from other neurons
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diagnosis
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determination that a persons problems reflect a particular disorder
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Dorothea Dix
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crusaded for humane care of the mentally ill in the US. One of the founders of social workers. Campaigned for asylum and prison reform, after observing horrific conditions in these places
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DSM-IV
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current edition of the American Psychiatric Associations manual of psychiatric diagnoses; the bible of psychiatric diagnosis around the world
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ECT
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*
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Emil Karaepelin
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created a basis for modern psychiatric diagnosis. created diagnostic nosologies- patterns of categorizing, and made a clear diagnostic characteristics of schizophrenia. revived the somatogenic perspective by classifying syndromes and listing the likely physical causes
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exorcism
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a predominant practice of stone age and christians where shaman/priest would 'heal' a mental patient by coaxing the evil spirit, which was assumed to be causing the behavior
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GABA
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Gamma Aminobutyric Acid: an inhibitory neurotransmitter which serves as a feedback system for fear in order to calm/terminate the fear
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GAD
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General Anxiety Disorder: experiencing excessive anxiety under most circumstances w/o a specific cause
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GAF scale
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Global Assessment Functioning: *
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glia cell
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*
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glutamate
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a common neurotransmitter that has been linked to memory and dementia
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insomnia
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the most common dyssomnia, characterized by difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep
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intelligence test
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a test designed to measure a persons intellectual ability
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Josef Breuer
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locus coeruleus
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area in midbrain which induces panic reaction when it is rich in norepinephrine
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mental disorder
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a clinically significant behavior/psychological syndrome that occurs in a person and is associated with: 1. present distress or 2. disability or 3. increase risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or restriction of freedom. Must be a manifestaion of behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunction
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mental status exam
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a set of interview questions and observation designed to reveal the degree and nature of a persons abnormal functioning; the most common clinical assessment
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MMPI
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a widely used personality inventory consisting of a large number of statements that subjects mark true false. (500 questions)
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multiaxial diagnosis
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Axis I: all clinical disorders classified in the DSM-IV; acute diagnosis. Axis II: personality disorders and mental retardation( longstanding difficulties which affect ability to cope w/ Axis I diagnosis). Axis III: related health/physiological symptoms. Axis IV: related stressors. Axis V: GAF number
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myelin
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insulating layer around neurons axon; speeds up messaging/ nerve impulses from neuron to neuron
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mood stabalizers
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psychotropic drugs that help stabalize the moods of people suffering from bipolar disorder
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moral treatment
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19th century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction, emphasizing humane and respectful treatment
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neuroimaging
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neurological tests that provide images of brain structure and brain activity. (CT, PET, MRI, fMRI)
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neurotransmitter
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a chemical that, released by one neuron, crosses the synaptic gap and recieved by receptors on the dendrites of neighboring neurons
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nodes of Ranvier
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gaps w/in the myelinated axon where action potentials travel.
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norepinephrine
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aka adrenaline. an excitatory neurotransmitter and has a large effect on the locus cerules. produced in abnormally large amounts in people prone to panic attacks
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panic
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a discrete attack or period of fear w/ at least 4 symptoms including palpitations, accelerated heart rate, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, and tingling. sufferers often feat they will die, go crazy or lose control; can happen in absence of a real threat.
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personality
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a unique and long term pattern of inner experience and outward behavior leads to consistent reactions across various situations
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inventories
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*
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positive psychology
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the study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities
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projective tests
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a test that consists of vague material that people interpret or respond to
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psychoanalysis
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either the theory or treatment of abnormal psychological functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology
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psychogenic perspective
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the view that the causes of abnormal functioning are psychological
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psychopathology
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an abnormal pattern of functioning that may be described as deviant, distressful, dysfunctional, and/or dangerous
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psychosocial interventions
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*
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PTSD
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder:
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receptor
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a site on a neuron that recieves a neurotransmitter
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receptor site
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*
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reuptake inhibitor
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*
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risk
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*
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resilience
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*
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response inventories
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test designed to measure a persons responses in one specific area of functioning such as; effect, social skills, and cognitive processes
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Schwann cells
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glial cells in the PNS, support motor and sensory neurons. can be myelinated and non-myelinated
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serotonin
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a neurotransmitter which is found in abnormally low amounts in people w/ OCD. a neuromodulator which increases/decreases the amount of activity of other neurotransmitters
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Sigmund Freud
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symptom
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emotions, behavior, and cognition of CNS, which is indicator of disorder. 1 or 2 symptoms w/ absence of functioning difficulties is normal
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synapse
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the tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron and dendrite of another
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synaptic vesicle
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*
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synaptic cleft
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*
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thalamus
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*
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