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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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azurophilic, needle-shaped cytoplasmic inclusion
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auer rod
AML-3 t(15 17) |
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what does Red safranin O stain?
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cartilage, mast cell granules, mucin
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histology - cells surrounded by a glassy matrix of ground substance and collagen?
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cartilage
stained by Red safranin O |
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spindle cells w/hair-like glial processes assoc w/microcysts, mixed w/granular eosinphilic bodies and rosenthal fibers?
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pilocytic astrocytoma
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diffuse infiltrate of lymphoid cells w/numerous mitotic figures, interspersed macrophages surrounded by clear spaces?
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"starry sky", Burkitt lymphoma
t(8,14) c-myc (tyrosine kinase) |
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what does pseudopalisading necrosis look like? What is it characteristic of?
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(if you can't pull up mental picture google it)
basically lucent / necrotic area surrounded by dark layer of cells "palisading?" characteristic of Gliblastoma Multiforma expect necrosis & vascular proliferation |
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what skin cells have "tennis racket" granules?
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Langerhans cells
stellar cells, birbeck granules (tennis racket), myeloid surface markers to interact closely w/T-cells (NOT Langhan's cells - giant horseshoe multinucleated granulomatous inflam) |
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what does the MC cause of renal malignancy look like on histology?
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clear cell carcinoma, from renal tubular cells
polygonal cells w/abundant clear cytoplasm (packed w/glycogen & lipids) |
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5 yo boy w/posterior fossa midline mass, biopsy "sheets of primitive cells & many mitotic figures"?
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medulloblastoma
expect cerebellar sx |
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rhomboid crystals w/positive birefringence?
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calcium pyrophosphate deposition
pseudogout blue when parallel, yellow when perpendicular |
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"cobblestone" appearance of terminal ileum?
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chron's
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65 yo man w/widespread narrowing of renal arterioles, arteriolar walls homogeneously thickened & stain pink w/hemoxylin-eosin, this is characteristic of? (name appearance, then dz)
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hyaline ateriosclerosis
homogenous deposition of eosinophilic hyaline material in intima & media of small arteries/arteroles long standing non-malignant HTN and or diabetes |
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myoglobin rich glycogen poor fibers w/many mitochondria are characteristic of what type of mm?
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Type 1 - slow twitch
postural skeletal mm (soleus, paraspinal) ATP primarily from oxidative metabolism Type II - rapid forceful pulses of movmeent Type Iib - anaerobic glycogenolysis Type Iia - "fast twitch" intermediate between I and Iib |
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what is 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid?
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5HIAA - breakdown product of serotonin
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calcifications in the epigastric area in an alcoholic?
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chronic alcohol pancreatitis
alcohol induced protein precipitation w/in pancreatic ducts, forming plugs which may calcify causes malabsorptio |
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hyperparakeratosis, reduced or absent stratum granulosum, neutrophil accumulation, rete ridge elongation, mitotic activity abouve the epidermal basal layer, and acanthosis? Bilateral skin lesions
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Psoriasis
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proliferation fraction (Ki-67) > 99%?
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characteristic of Burkitt's lymphoma, prolif fraction approaching 100
high mitotic index is characteristic |
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yellow-brown, finely granular perinuclear pgiment found in cardiac myocytes of 78 yo on autopsy?
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lipofuscin - sing of "wear & tear" of aging
product of free radical injury & lipid peroxidation |
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breast biopsy - cellular, myxoid stroma encircling & compressing epithelium-lined glands?
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fibroadenoma
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how to stain for lymphocytes?
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stain for pan T cell marker CD3
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how to stain for mm tissue?
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stains for smooth mm actin, cadesmon, or desmin
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how to stain for endothelium?
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stains for CD34 and vWF
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how to stain for glial cells?
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stains for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
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how to stain for epithelial cells?
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stains for keratin
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what do keratin stains indicate?
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carcinomas, mesotheliomas, thymomas, various sarcomas, trophoblastic tumors, desmoplastic small round cell tumors
marker of epithelial cell origin |
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child w/acute rheumatic carditis, expect to see what on histology?
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Aschoff bodies "interstitial granulomas"
-circumscribed interstitial collection of inflammatory cells -some large histiocytes & prominent binuclear histiocyte Anitschkow cells "caterpillar cells" -plump macrophages w/abundant cytoplasm & central round to ovoid nuclei, w/central slender chromatin ribbons -these precede aschoff giant cells --> when larger macrophages become multinucleated these findings seen in acute rheumatic fever -any of the 3 layers of heart -aschoff bodies later replaced by fibrous scar -can occur following step A pharyngitis anytime in the prior 10 days to 6 weeks |
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child has bowed legs, a rachitic rosary, Harrison's sulci, & craniotabes - what do bones look like histologically?
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increase in unmineralized osteoid and widening between osteoid seams
"osteoid matrix accumulation around trabeculae" osteoid is the unmineralized organic portion of bone matrix that forms prior to maturation of bone tissues |
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mosaic of lamellar bone, irregular sections of lamellar bone linked by areas of previous bone resportion, "cement lines"?
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paget's disease
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bluiesh neoplasm underneath nail bed?
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either glomus tumor (glomangioma) or subungual melanoma
glomus is the vasculature control of temperature regulation for skin surface (shunt away from skin when cold, too skin when hot) |
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how does cutaneous involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis present?
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erythematous papules, nodules, and/or scaling plaques
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what is vitiligo? Histological finding? Associations?
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flat, well circumscribed macules & patches of absent pigment
histology demonstrates loss of melanocytes & complete absence of melanin pathogenesis unclear, strong association w/autoimmune conditions |
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glomerulus shows uniform diffuse thickening of glom capillary wall on light microscopy, w/o increased cellularity, dense deposits between BM & epithelial cells w/protrusions resembling "spike and dome" stained w/silver?
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the granular deposits contain IgG and C3
this is membranous glomerulopathy |
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what do ppl w/Barett's esophagus have increased risk of developing? What does barett's look like histologically?
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adenocarcinoma of the esophagus
Barett's is a metaplasia of stratified squamous --> columnar epithelium w/goblet cells (resembling intestine) |
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what is abetalipoproteinemia? How does it present? What does it look like histologically?
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impaired synthesis of ApoB, inabiility to transport lipids from the intestine
autosomal recessive 5 yo caucasian boy hospitlized, failure to thrive, bulky & greasy stool "malabsorption, neuro deficiencies, progressive ataxia in first few years of life" get abnl RBC membranes from lack of lipid, acanthocytes (thorny projections) lack of lipid in neuron membranes lead to neuro abnliteis serum levels of all lipids are decreased histology - excessive lipids stored in intestinal epithelium cells, characteristic "foamy" appearance to cytoplasm |
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what cells secrete intrinsic factor? How to ID on histology?
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parietal cells of stomach, also secrete acid
they are pink, in upper glandular layer, approximately midway between epithelial surface & BM at the bottom of the pits are the chief cells, secrete pepsinogen |
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histology of duchenne's muscular dystrophy?
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light microscopy - proximal mm - variation in mm fiber shape & size, regenerating fibers, increased CT
distal mm (calf) hypertrophy initially to make up for proximal weakness, later they are replaced by fat & CT, this change = "pseudohypertrophy" |
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pathophys of goodpasture's? renal histology?
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anti-GBM antibodies targeting alpha3-chain of type IV collagen
RPGN (rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis) - crescent formation w/fibrin deposition "linear" IgG and C3 deposition |
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pilocytic astrocytoma vs medulloblastoma on radiograph?
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both are tumors of children seen in cerebellum area (often)
pilocytic astrocytoma (rosenthaal fibers) - both cystic & solid components medulloblastoma (sheets of small blue cells w/hyperchromatic nuclei & scant cytoplasm) - always solid |
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pt w/nocturanl cough has esophageal biopsy w/eosinophils & neutrophils present?
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GERD
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enlargement of gastric rugal folds in pt w/refractory peptic ulcer dz?
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caused by parietal cell hyperplasia due to excess gastrin stimulation
Zollinger Ellison syndrome |
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myxomatous change in arteries? What is this? What arteries does it occur in? what condition is it seen in? what does it appear like histologically? How can it be acquired?
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cystic medial degeneration
"fragmentation of elastic tissue" and "separation of elastic and fibromuscular components of the tunica media by cleft-like spaces filled w/amorphous extracellular matrix" occurs in large, elastic arteries seen in Marfan's can be acquired from ingestion of beta-aminopropionitrile (chemical found in sweet peas) causing "angiolathyrism" changing elasticity of aorta mimicking myxomataous degeneration inhibits lysyl oxidase, necessary for crosslinking of elastin & collagen |
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what is a cavernous hemangioma? What does it look like histologically? Signs/sx? Pathophys?
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MC benign liver tumor
microscopically consists of cavernous, blood-filled vascular spaces of variable size, lined by single epithelial layer biopsy should NOT be performed, could cause fatal hemorrhage! most patients asymptomatic thought to be congenital malformations that enlarge by ectasia |
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esophageal biopsy shows solid nests of cells w/abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm & distinct borders, (whorled appearance imo)?
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Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus
areas of keratinization (keratin pearls) easily seen, indicate tumor hasn't lost the properties of the original tissue completely, yet (well-differentiated) |
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large lymphocyte w/RBCs indenting into its surface?
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EBV mononucleosis
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acidophilic bodies in viral hepatitis?
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apoptotic bodies, or councilman bodies
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what color is hemosiderin?
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golden yellow brown pigment
it is an aggregation of ferritin micelles |
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what is lipofuscin? Apperance?
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insoluble yellow-brown pigment composed of lipids & phospholipids complexed w/prtns
"wear & tear" |
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how long after MI until changes become visible on microscopy?
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~4 hours, until then appears nl
4-12 hours - early coag necrosis, edema, hemorrhage, wavy fibers 12-24 hrs - coag necrosis, marginal contraction band necrosis 1-5 days - coag necrosis & neutrophilic infiltrate 5-10 days macrophage phagocytosis 10-14 days - granulation tissue & neovascularization 2 weeks - 2 mos - collagen deposition, scar formation |
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histology of all acute viral hepatitis?
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diffuse ballooning degeneration (hepatocyte swelling)
mononuclear cell infiltrates Councilman bodies (eosinophilic apoptotic hepatocytes) |
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fibrinoid necrosis results from?
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immune complex deposition in walls of blood vessels (vasculitis)
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what does psamomma body look like?
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look it up! HIGH YIELD
round, eosinophilic laminar structures core of dense calcification w/surrounding collagen-fiber bundles PINK! meningioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, serous papillary ovarian adenocarcinoma |
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appearance of dimorphic fungi in human samples?
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they are in YEAST form, in nature they are in mold form
thus biopsy would NOT show hyphae |
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thyroid biopsy:
-mixed, cellular infiltration w/occasional multinucleate giant cells -mononuclear, parenchyma infiltration w/well-developed germinal centers |
mixed - subacute granulomatous de Quervain's thyroiditis
monocellular - chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, aka Hashimotos |
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circumoral mucocutaneous macules w/abdominal discomfort in 12 yo?
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Peutz-Jegher
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nuclear indentations & scalloping of nuclear membrane?
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liposarcoma
produce non-membrane bound cytoplasmic lipid (lipoblasts) |
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flaccid, easily ruptured bullae appearing in oropharynx & diffusely on trunk & extremities?
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Pemphigus vulgaris
IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 & 3 in the desmosomal junctions |
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histology of cirrhosis?
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diffuse parenchymal injury & fibrosis
normal lobular architecture of liver is replaced w/regenerative spherical nodules separated by bridging fibrous septae proliferating HEPATOCYTES are primary cell population w/in nodules of a cirrhotic liver |
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acanthocytes & spurr cells?
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abetolipoproteinemia
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target cells?
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obstructive liver dz, thalassemia, iron deficiency anemia, asplenism
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in ulcerative collitis what accumulates in the crypts?
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neutrophils
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