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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
define cognition |
a general term that refers to the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge |
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define mental image |
a mental representation of objects or events that are not physically present |
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define concepts |
a mental category we have formed to group objects, events, or situations that share similar features or characteristics |
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problem solving strategies |
trial and error- involves actually trying a variety of solutions and eliminating those that don't work algorithm- a method that, when followed step by step, always produces the correct solution heuristic- a general rule-of-thumb strategy that may or may not work |
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decision strategies |
single feature- basing your decision on one feature additive model- multiple important features elimination- narrowing your options |
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characteristics of language |
symbols; sounds, written words, or formalized gestures (sign language) |
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define intelligence |
the global capacity to think rationally, any purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment |
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alfred binet |
psychologist who developed procedures to identify students who might require special help |
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david wechsler |
in charge of testing adults of widely varying cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds and ages at a large hospital in NYC |
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intelligence tests |
Alfred Benet World War 1 WAIS |
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Principles of test construction |
Standardization- given to a large number of participants Reliability- consistant results Validity- measures what it is intended to measure |
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theories of intelligence |
spearman(general intelligence for overall performance) gardener(many types of intelligence) sternberg(3 types, analytical, practical, and creative) |
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define motivation |
the biological, emotional, cognitive, or social forces that activate and direct behavior
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Motivation theories |
drive(driven to meet basic needs) incentive(driven by rewards, such as money) arousal(adrenalin motivation) humanistic(psychological motive to keep moving forward) |
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define homeostasis |
the body maintains internal states such as body temperature and energy supplies |
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what is set point theory |
natural optimal body weight, called set point weight |
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factors in obesity |
"super size it" syndrome: overeating positive incentive value: high palatable foods cafeteria diet effect: variety= more consumed sedentary lifestyles too little sleep lifespan changes |
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What is CCK |
a hormone responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein. (AKA tells you when your full) |
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stages of human sexuality |
excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution |
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motivation is sexual behavior |
desire, health |
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psychological needs (MASLOW) |
psychological: food, water, shelter safety: security love: intimate relationship, friends esteem: feelings, accomplishments self actualization: full potential |
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competence vs. achievements |
competence is when you can complete a task and do it well, without being the best achievement is to be the best |
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define emotion |
a complex state that involves a subjective experience, a psychological response, and a behavioral response |
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theories of emotion |
James Lang Theory- the theory that emotions arise from the perception of body changes Two Factor Theory- theory that emotion is the interaction of psychological arousal and the cognitive label that we apply to explain the arousal |