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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
why study memory?
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improve study & recall
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cognitive approach
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processes of memory
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neuroscience approach
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physiology of memory
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sensory memory
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iconic & echoic: when somebody says something to you and you ask what? and then you remember what they said [sperling]
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short term/working memory
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< 30 seconds, magical number 7- can recall 7 digits
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long term memory
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> 30 seconds to infinity, unlimited capacity
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encoding
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rehearsal, ebbinghaus, amount remembered depends on time spent learning
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spacing effect
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longer intervals= better recall, those who learn quickly also forget quickly
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primacy effect
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1st thing said
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serial position effect
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1st and last items, roediger & mcdermott
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chunking
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combining separate pieces of info into meaningful groups or chunks
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context dependent memory
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details of setting where info was encoded can serve as retrieval cues
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state dependent memory
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physical or mental condition may serve as retrieval cue
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rehearsal
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review or practice of material while learning it
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imagery
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associating information with mental images
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mnemonics
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pemdas, foil
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minimize interference
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don't study multiple subjects in same session, sleep
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context
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try to understand relevant background info, gives material meanings/associations
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spacing
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don't cram
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science
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knowledge gained by systematic study
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psychology
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the science of and application of knowledge regarding behavioral. psychological, and cogitive processes
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ways to draw conclusions
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observation, thinking/reasoning, information from others, scientific method
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descriptive research method
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describe and predict relationships
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experimental research method
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control variables and infer casualty
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correlation
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when two or more variables are related
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positive correlation
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both variables increase or decrease together
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negative correlation
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as one variable increases, the other decreases
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independent variable (iv)
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cause manipulated
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dependent variable
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effect observed/measured
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experimental condition
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participants exposed to the independent variable
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control condition
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participants not exposed to the independent variable
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social psychology
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individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as influenced by others
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fundamental attribution error
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tendency to assume internal attribution for the behaviors of others
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door in the face
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start huge then retreat
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foot in the door
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ask for something small, then bulid
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cognitive dissonance
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when behaviors and/or attitudes conflict, we feel discomfort
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bystander effect
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bystanders increase= help less likely
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social loafing
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reduced effort as work group size increases, latane, williams, & harkins
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obedience
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a form of compliance, following direct commands
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conformity
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solomon asch, yielding to real or imagined social pressure
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