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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
accommodation
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Modifying schemas as an infant
tries out familiar schemas on objects that don't fit them. |
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assimilation
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Taking in new info about objects by using existing
schemas on objects that fit those schemas. |
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attachment
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A deep, affectionate, close, and enduring relationship with a person with whom a baby has shared many experiences.
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attachment behavior
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Actions such as crying, smiling, vocalizing, & gesturing that help bring an infant into closer proximity to its caretaker.
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attachment theory
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The idea that children form a close attachment to their earliest caretakers and that this attachment pattern can affect aspects of the children’s later life.
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authoritarian parents
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Parents who are firm, punitive, and unsympathetic.
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authoritative parents
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Parents who reason with their children and are firm but understanding.
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behavioral genetics
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The study of the effect of genes on behavior.
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chromosomes
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Structures in every biological cell that contain genetic information in the form of genes.
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concrete operations
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Piaget's 3rd stage of cognitive development, during which children can learn to count, measure, add, and subtract.
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conservation
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The ability to recognize that the important properties of substances or objects, such as quantity, volume, or weight, remain constant despite changes in shape, length, or position.
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conventional reasoning
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Moral reasoning that reflects a concern about other people as well as the belief that morality consists of following rules and conventions.
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critical period
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An interval during which certain kinds of growth must occur if development is to proceed normally.
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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The molecular structure of a gene that provides the genetic code.
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developmental psychology
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(The psychological specialty that)
Documents the course of people’s social, emotional, moral, and intellectual development over the life-span. |
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embryo
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The developing individual from 2 wks-2 mos after fertilization.
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ethnic identity
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The part of a person’s identity that reflects the racial, religious, or cultural group to which that person belongs.
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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A pattern of defects found in babies born to women who drink heavily during pregnancy.
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fetus
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The developing individual from the third month after conception until birth.
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formal operational period
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Piaget's 4th stage of cognitive development,
characterized by the ability to engage in hypothetical thinking. |
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gender roles
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Patterns of work, appearance, & behavior
that society associates w/ being male or female. |
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generativity
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The concern of adults in their 40's w/generating something enduring.
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genes
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Hereditary units, located on chromosomes, that contain biological instructions inherited from both parents, providing the blueprint for physical development.
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identity crisis
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The phase during which an adolescent attempts to develop an integrated self-image as a unique person by pulling together self-knowledge acquired during childhood.
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information processing
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The process of taking in, remembering or forgetting, and using information.
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maturation
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Natural growth or change triggered by biological factors independent of the environment.
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moral development
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The growth of an individual’s understanding of the concepts of right and wrong.
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object permanence
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The knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in view.
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parenting style
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The varying patterns of behavior—ranging from permissive to authoritarian—that parents display as they interact with and discipline their children.
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permissive parents
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Parents who give their children complete freedom and lax discipline.
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personality
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The pattern of psychological and behavioral characteristics by which each person can be compared and contrasted with others.
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postconventional reasoning
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Moral reasoning that reflects moral judgments based on personal standards or universal principles of justice, equality, and respect for human life.
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preconventional reasoning
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Moral reasoning that is NOT based on the conventions or rules that guide social interactions in a society.
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preoperational period
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Piaget's 2nd stage of cognitive development, where children begin to understand, create, and use symbols that represent things that aren't present.
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puberty
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The condition of being able, for the first time, to reproduce.
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reflexes
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Simple, involuntary, unlearned behaviors directed by the spinal cord without instructions from the brain.
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schemas
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Mental representations of what we know and expect about the world.
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sensorimotor period
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Piaget's 1st stage of cognitive development,
when the infant’s mental activity is confined to sensory perception & motor skills. |
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sex roles
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(see gender roles)
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socialization
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The process by which parents, teachers, and others teach children the skills and social norms necessary to be well-functioning members of society.
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temperament
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An individual’s basic, natural disposition, that is evident from infancy.
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teratogens
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Harmful substances, such as alcohol and other drugs, that can cause birth defects.
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terminal drop
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A sharp decline in mental functioning that tends to occur in late adulthood, a few months or years before death.
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uninvolved parents
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Parents who invest as little time, money, and effort in their children as possible.
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