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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 2 types of nervous tissue?
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Glia and Neuron
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Structural support and insulation for the nervous system
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Glia
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Communication in the nervous system
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Neuron
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The cell body.
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Soma
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Part of a neuron that receives information.
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Dendrites
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A long thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscle glands.
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Axon
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Small knobs that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters.
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Terminal Button
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Insulating material that encases some axons.
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Myelin Sheath
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What are the chemical messangers in the nervous system?
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Neurotransmitters.
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A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to another.
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Synapse
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These interconnect with the terminal button...
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Synapse
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A complex electrochemical reaction.
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Neural Impulse
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A neuron is its stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive.
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Resting Potential
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A very brief shift in a neurons electrical charge that travels along an axon.
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Action Potential
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What ions are exchanged during the action potential?
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Positively charged sodium ions.
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Chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another.
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Neurotransmitters
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What are the 3 main processes that the neurotransmitters go through when a synapse occurs?
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Sending signals, receiving signals and integrating signals.
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A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
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Agonist
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A chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter
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Antagonist
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What is the relation between nicotine and ACh?
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nicotine stimulates ACh synapses; Nicotine an agonist of ACh
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What is the relation between curare and ACh?
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curare is an ACh antagonist
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What is a SSRI?
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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor(anti-depressant) which slows the reuptake process at serotonin synapses
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A neurotransmitter that contributes to the regulation of attention, arousal, and memory.
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ACh
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Includes three neurotransmitters dopamine, norephrine and saratonin.
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Monoamines
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A neurotransmitter that contributes to control a voluntary movement and pleasurable emotions.
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Dopamine
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A neurotransmitter that contributes to modulation of mood and arousal.
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Norepinephrine
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What is the relation between endorphins and pain?
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Contributes to pain relief and resembles opiate drugs in effect.
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The nerves that lie outside the brains and the spinal cord?
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PNS or Peripheral Nervous System
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What does the CNS consist of?
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The brain and the spinal cord
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What system is made up of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles and glands.
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ANS or autonomic nervous system
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What are the two divisions of the ANS?
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Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
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Made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and to sensory receptors.
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Somatic Nervous System
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This research method that involves destroying a piece of brain.
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Lesioning
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A research method which involves sending a weak electric current into a brain structure to stimulate it.
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ESB (Electrical stimulation of the brain)
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A technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific part of the brain
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TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)
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The 3 major areas of a brain.
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Hindbrain, forebrain, and midbrain.
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Has charge of largely unconscious but essential functions, such as breathing, maintaining muscle tone, and regulating circulation are the functions of the...
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Medulla
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The bridge of fibers that connects the brainstem with the cerebellum and also contains several clusters of cell bodies involved with sleep and arousal.
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Pons
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a relatively large and deeply folded structure located adjacent to the back surface of the brainstem. Coordinated of movement and is critical to the sense of equilibrium or physical balance.
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Cerebellum
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What runs through the hindbrain and the midbrain?
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Reticular formation
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This structure is located in the forebrain through which all sensory information must pass to get to the cerebral cortex, and it plays an active role in integrating info from various senses.
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Thalamus
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A structure found near the bast of the forebrain that is involved in the regulation of basic biological needs such as the four "F's" fighting, fleeing, feeding, and fucking
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Hypothalamus
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A loosely connected network of structures located roughly along the border between the verebral cortex and deeper subcortical areas.
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Limbic system
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What are the four lobes of the brain?
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Frontal lobe, paritel lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe.
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What is brain plasticity?
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the lifelong ability of the brain to reorganize neural pathways based on new experiences
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What is the function of Broca and Wernickes's area?
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Broca is involved in speech production and wernicke is involved with language comprehension.
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The bundle of fibers that connects the cerebral hemispheres is cut to reduce the severity of epileptic seizures.
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Split-Brain Procedure
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Glands that secrete chemicals into the bloodstream that help control bodiliy functioning
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The endocrine System
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The chemical substances released by the endocrine glands
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Hormones
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What is the master gland of the endocrine glands?
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Hypothalmus
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Threadlike strands of DNA molecules that carry genetic information.
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Chromosomes
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DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.
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Genes
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Characteristics that are incluenced by more than one pair of genes.
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Polygenic traits
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Research assess hereditary influence by examining blood relatives to see how much they resemble one another on a specific trait.
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Family Studies
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Researchers assess hereditary influence by comparing the resemblance of identical twins and fraternal twins with respect to a trait.
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Twin studies
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Asses hereditary influence by examining the resemblance between adopted childsren and bother their biological and their adoptive parents
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Adoption Studies
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Darwins 4 key insights:
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Variation, Heritablility, Reproduction Rate, and Fitness
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Posists that heritable characteristics that provide survival are more likely thatn alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and they become selected over time.
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Natural Selection
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An inherited characteristic that increased in a population because it helped solve a problem of survival or reproduction during the time it emerged.
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Adaptation
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