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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
The process of transforming into a for that can be stored in memory
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Encoding
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The process of keeping or maintaining information in memory
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Storage
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The process of bringing to mind information that has been stored in memory.
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Retrieval
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The process of encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.
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Memory
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THe memory system that holds information from the senses for a period of time ranging from only a fraction of a second to about 2 seconds.
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Sensory memory
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What is the capacity and duration of sensory memory?
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Large - 2 seconds
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What is the capacity and duration of short-term memory
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range 5-9
30 seconds without rehearsal |
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What is a way to keep memory stored in short-term memory longer than the expected loss time of 30 sec?
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rehearsal
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What's another term used for short-term memory
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Working memory
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The event that occurs when short-term memory is filled to capacity and each new, incoming item pushes out an existing item, which is then forgotten.
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Displacement
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A memory strategy that involves grouping or organizing bits of information into larger units, which are easier to remember.
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Chunking
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The act of purposely repeating information to maintain it in short-term memory.
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Rehearsal
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The memory subsystem that we use when we try to understand information, remember it, or use it to solve a problem or communicate with someone.
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Working memory
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What are 2 strategies to maintain the working memory?
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Maintenance rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal |
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Repeating information over and over again until it is no longer needed; may eventually lead to storage of information in long-term memory (superficial)
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Maintenance rehearsal
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A memory strategy that involves relating new information to something that is already known (deep)
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Elaborative rehearsal
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Whats another term for maintenance rehearsal?
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Shallow learning
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What's another term for Elaborative rehearsal
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Deep learning
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The memory system with a virtually unlimited capacity that contains vast stores of a person's permanent or relatively permanent memories
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Long term memory
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What are the 2 types of long term memory?
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Declarative memory
Non-declarative memory |
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The subsystem within long-term memory that stores facts, information, and personal life events that can be brought to mind verbally or in the form of images and then declared or stated
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Declarative memory
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Whats another term for declarative memory?
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Explicit memory
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What are the 2 types of declarative memory?
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Episodic memory
Semantic memory |
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The type of memory that records events as they have been subjectively experienced.
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Episodic memory
What type of long term memory is this? |
Declarative memory
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The type of memory that stores general knowledge, or objective facts and information
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Semantic memory
What type of long term memory is this? |
Declarative memory
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The subsystem within long-term memory that stores motor skills, habits, and simple classically conditioned responses.
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Non-declarative memory
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What is another term for non-declarative memory?
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Implicit memory
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A memory task in which a person much produce required information by searching memory
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Recall
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What are 3 methods of retrieving memory?
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Recall
Retrieval cue Recognition 3 R's |
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Any stimulus or bit of information that aids in retrieving particular information from long-term memory
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Retrieval cue
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A memory task in which a person must simply identify material as familiar or as having been encountered before
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Recognition
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The inability to bring to mind information that was previously remembered
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Forgetting
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The pattern of forgetting which shows that forgetting tapers off after a period of rapid information loss that immediately follows learning.
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Curve of forgetting
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What are causes of forgetting?
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Encoding failure
Decay Interference Consolidation failure Motivated forgetting Prospective forgetting Retrieval failure |
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A cause of forgetting that occurs when information was never put into long term memory.
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Encoding failure
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memories in which are not used, fade with time and ultimately disappear altogether
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Decay theory
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A cause of forgetting that occurs because information or associations stored either before or after a given memory hinder the ability to remember it.
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Interference
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Type of interference in which new learning is interfered by previous learning; loss of previous memory
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Retroactive interference
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Type of interference in which old learning is interfered by new learning; loss of new learning
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Proactive interference
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Any disruption in the consolidation process that prevents a long term memory from forming
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Consolidation failure
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Which psychologist created the curve of forgetting?
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Ebbinghaus
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Forgetting through suppression or repression in an effort to protect oneself from material that is painful, frightening, or otherwise unpleasant
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Motivated forgetting
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Not remembering to carry out some intended action.
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Prospective forgetting
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Not remembering something one is certain of knowing
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Retrieval failure
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What are 3 types of memory loss?
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Amnesia
Dementia Repressed memories |
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A partial or complete loss of memory due to loss of consciousness, brain damage, or some psychological cuase.
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Amnesia
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Inability to form new memories
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Anterograde amnesia
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A loss of memory for experiences that occurred shortly before a loss of consciousness.
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Retrograde amnesia
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A state of mental deterioration characterized by impaired memory and intellect and by altered personality and behavior
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Dementia
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A psychological process in which traumatic memories are buried int he unconscious mind.
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Repressed memories
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