Psychology 201--Test 1

Front 1

applied psychology

Back 1

branch of psych. concerned with everday/practical problems

Front 2

behavior

Back 2

any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism

Front 3

behaviorism

Back 3

theoretical orientation based on the promise that scientific psych. should study only observable behavior

Front 4

clinical psychology

Back 4

branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis & treatment of psychological disorders

Front 5

cognition

Back 5

mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge

Front 6

critical thinking

Back 6

purposeful, reasoned, goal-directed thinking that involves solving problems, formulating inferences, working with probabilities, and making carefully thought-out decisions

Front 7

culture

Back 7

widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations

Front 8

Empiricism

Back 8

premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation

Front 9

ethnocentrism

Back 9

tendency to view one's own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways

Front 10

evolutionary psychology

Back 10

examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations

Front 11

functionalism

Back 11

based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than it's structure

Front 12

humanism

Back 12

theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and potential for personal growth

Front 13

introspection

Back 13

the careful, systematic self-observation of one's own conscious experience

Front 14

natural selection

Back 14

heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations--thus becoming "selected" over time

Front 15

positive psychology

Back 15

uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence

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psychiatry

Back 16

branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis & treatment of psychological problems and disorders

Front 17

psychoanalytic theory

Back 17

attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior

Front 18

psychology

Back 18

science that studies behavior & the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it's the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems

Front 19

SQ3R

Back 19

study system to promote effective reading which includes 5 steps: survey, question, read, recite, review

Front 20

structuralism

Back 20

based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related

Front 21

testwiseness

Back 21

ability to use the characteristics & format of a cognitive test to maximize one's score

Front 22

theory

Back 22

system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations

Front 23

unconscious

Back 23

contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior