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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
avoidance conditioning
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The process of learning particular responses that avoid an aversive stimulus.
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classical conditioning
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A procedure in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that triggers a reflexive response until the neutral stimulus alone comes to trigger a similar response.
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cognitive map
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A mental representation of the environment.
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conditioned response (CR)
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The response triggered by the conditioned stimulus.
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conditioned stimulus (CS)
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An originally neutral stimulus that now triggers a conditioned response.
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discriminative conditioned stimuli
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Stimuli that signal whether reinforcement is available if a certain response is made.
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escape conditioning
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The process of learning responses that stop an aversive stimulus.
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extinction
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The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response.
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habituation
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Reduced responsiveness to a repeated stimulus
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higher order conditioning
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CS comes to signal another CS that is already associated with an UCS
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latent learning
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Learning that is not demonstrated at the time it occurs.
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law of effect
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a response made in presence of a particular stimulus is rewarded, the same response is more likely to occur when that stimulus is encountered again.
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learned helplessness
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A process in which a person or animal stops trying to exert control after experience suggests that no control is possible.
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learning
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The modification of preexisting behavior and understanding.
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negative reinforcers
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The removal of unpleasant stimuli
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observational learning (social learning)
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Learning by watching the behavior of others.
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operant
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A response that has some effect on the world.
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operant conditioning
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responses are learned on the basis of their rewarding or punishing consequences.
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partial reinforcement effect
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(A phenomenon in which)
Behaviors learned under a PARTIAL reinforcement schedule are more difficult to extinguish than those learned on a CONTINOUS reinforcement schedule. |
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positive reinforcers
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Stimuli that strengthen a response if they follow that response.
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primary reinforcers
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Events or stimuli that satisfy physiological needs basic to survival.
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punishment
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The presentation of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a pleasant one following some behavior.
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reconditioning
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The relearning of a conditioned response following extinction.
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reinforcement
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a particular response is made MORE LIKELY to recur.
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reinforcement schedules
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In operant conditioning, rules that determine how/when certain responses will be reinforced. They're usually based on the # of responses made (ratio schedules) or the amount of time since the last reinforced response (interval schedules).
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reinforcer
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A stimulus event that increases the probability that the response immediately preceding it will occur again.
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shaping
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The reinforcement of responses that come successively closer to some desired response.
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spontaneous recovery
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The temporary reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction.
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stimulus discrimination
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A process through which people learn to differentiate among similar stimuli and respond appropriately to each one.
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stimulus generalization
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A CR is triggered by stimuli similar to the original CS.
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unconditioned response (UCR)
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The automatic, unlearned, reflexive reaction to a stimulus.
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unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
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A stimulus that triggers a response without conditioning.
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