Psychology 1 Final Exam, + Locate 1,2 & 3 Tests

Front 1

Neurons:
Dendrite
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
Synaptic Knob
Synapse

Back 1

Different electrical pathways that give messages from one neuron to another using:

Front 2

What chemical neurotransmitter causes schizophrenia?
Depression
feel really good
Makes you feel good
Chocolate
Bonding
Laughing Gas

Back 2

Dopamine
Serotonin
Endorphin/Anandamide
Phenylethylamine
Oxytocin
Nitric Oxide

Front 3

2 parts of the brain

Back 3

left and right hemispheres
Left: boring, verbal, math, reading, parts not whole, present, non-emotional, black or white
Right: pictorial, abstract, sees the whole (big picture and spatial), creative, musical, emotional, past and future, ghostly present.

Front 4

Corpus Callosum

Back 4

cross over from left to right hemisphere so they can communicate with each other

Front 5

Lobes (4)

Back 5

Frontal - planning, abstract, expressive speech, aggressions, impulse control, smell, daydreaming (medical prefrontal)
Temporal - repetitive, reoeptive speech, hearing, auditory (surgery mapping)
Parietal - taste, touch, daydreaming (medical)
Occipital - sight
Contra coup -

Front 6

Thalamus

Back 6

relaying sensation, spatial sense and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, along with the regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness

Front 7

Medulla

Back 7

respiration – chemoreceptors
cardiac center – sympathetic, parasympathetic system
vasomotor center – baroreceptors
reflex centers of vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and swallowing

Front 8

Research terms

Back 8

Validity - factual or true
Reliability- consistency
Independent Variable - method
Dependent Variable - results
Hypothesis - guess of why something happens

Front 9

Reseach types

Back 9

Observation is the least reliable.
Laboratory is the most reliable.

Front 10

Psychology (definition)

Back 10

Psychology is the science of mind and behavior. Its goal is to understand humanity by both discovering general principles and exploring specific cases,ultimate aim is to benefit society.

Front 11

Ages and stages

Back 11

crying -Birth to 3 weeks
cooing - 3 weeks to 4 months
babbling - 4-6 months to 1 year
pseudocries - 6 months
first word - 12 months
2 words - 18 months
50 words -24 months=2 years old
1000 words - 36 months or 3 yrs

Front 12

Defense Mechanisms-distorting reality to make yourself feel better (& reduce anxiety)

Back 12

Denial-pretend it didn't happen
Repression-forget it
Regression-be a kid (laugh, cry, sleep to not have to deal with it
Reaction formation-act the opposite of how you really feel like be really nice to someone you actually hate
Displacement-blame it on someone else cuz you can't get mad at the real source
Rationalization-sour grapes, talk yourself out of it

Front 13

Pavlov/classical conditioning

Back 13

CS-UCS-R
Conditioned Stimuli- Unconditioned stimuli -
Response

Front 14

CS-UCS-R

Back 14

CS (neutral) - UCS (innate) - R (learning)
CS bell-UCS food- R salivate
CS weekend-UCS alcohol-R drunk
CS 10pm-UCS food- R relax
CS parents-UCS approval -R role
CS needle-UCS heroine- R rush
CS click - UCS squirt - R jump

Front 15

Behavior

Back 15

Abnormal - weird
DSM IV=book of diagnosis
Neurosis (functional); not as severe as psychosis, gets you through a rough time of anxiety
Personality Disorders (10)
Psychosis-out of touch with reality = schizophrenia=
delusions and hallucinations
Brief Psychotic Reaction

Front 16

Personlity Disorder (5 types)

Back 16

Egosyntonic=fits with your personality
5 Traits=
Paranoid=someone is after you
Anti-social=against other people
Histrionic=drama
Narcissistic=all about me
Borderline=black or white, nice then mean

Front 17

Language

Back 17

Psycholinguistics
All children
Special needs: autistic, mentally challenged, hearing impaired

Front 18

Short term memory

Back 18

Electrical
30 seconds
limited capacity
hold 7 + or - 2
hippocampus-It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in long-term memory and spatial navigation.
Is easy to retrieve
ampakine-drugs that enhance attention span and alertness, and facilitate learning and memory.
-improves glutamate receptors

Front 19

Long term memory

Back 19

No specific location in the brain, diffuse or all over
Massive capacity
Lasts forever
Difficult to retrieve
PTSD-Post Traumatic Stress Disorder = adrenaline
uses anxiety meds
Chemical=acetylcholine (activates muscles, relaxes muscles)

Front 20

Theories of Forgetting (4)

Back 20

Trace-decay: memory trace in the brain which fades with time
Displacement-
Interference-recall of certain items interferes with the recall of other items
Freud-

Front 21

Motivation

Back 21

Homeosis-transformation of one body part into another
Hypothalamus-on-off switch; controls body temperature, hunger, thirst,fatigue, sleep, and circadian cycles.

Front 22

Eyes

Back 22

Rods and Cones-photoreceptor cells in the retina

Front 23

37. Eyes, the answer is "A"

Back 23

A

Front 24

Piaget

Back 24

Cognitive Development:
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete
Abstract

Front 25

Glial Cells

Back 25

provide support and protection for the brain's neurons. Many more glial cells than neurons

Front 26

Sleep

Back 26

90 MINUTE CYCLES
Stages & Cycles:
4 sleep cycles: 1,2,3,4
Different levels of sleep
3,2,1,REM, awake
Happen in 90 minute cycles
REM-minutes=
lowest is 8, 18, 24, 28

Front 27

Taste-Where are the different tastes located on the tongue?

Back 27

Sweet: front
Salt: way out on both sides
Bitter:Back
Sour:both sides
Savory Meat: middlish areas
Super (35 buds), avg,
non-tasters (10-15 buds)
overeating, alcoholism,etc.

Front 28

Sleep Disorders (2)

Back 28

Narcolepsy-chronic sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness
Cataplexy-sudden muscular weakness
Apnea (uvula)-stopping of breathing then it starts again like someone snoring then stops breathing then starts again.

Front 29

Stages of Stress

Back 29

Selye's Stages:
Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

Front 30

Broca's

Back 30

The motor speech area (Broca's area) is usually in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere

Front 31

Theorists
1)Gate Control Theory
2) Erikson
3)Kohlberg

Back 31

1)Has to do with pain
2)Ages and stages of psychosocial development
3)Moral Reasoning

Front 32

1) Abnormal Psychology

2)Anxiety

Back 32

1)Psychotic (hallucinations and delusions) is not a normal behavior; not in contact with reality
2)Phobias (fears in Latin)

Front 33

Aphasia

Back 33

Language disorder from head damage; central lateralization;
disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language.

Front 34

Symmetry (sameness)
Asymmetry (not the same)

Back 34

The 2 brains are not the same size; and do not do the same thing; color blind is the common issue.