Psych Exam #1

Front 1

Normal vision accompanied by prosopagnosia best illustrates the distinction between:

Back 1

sensation and perception.

Front 2

If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so, you will feel it for only a few moments. This best illustrates:

Back 2

sensory adaptation.

Front 3

Our assumptions and expectations often provide a(n) ________ for viewing reality.

Back 3

perceptual set

Front 4

The wavelength of light determines its:

Back 4

hue

Front 5

In vision, an inverted mirror image of an object is focused on the:

Back 5

retina

Front 6

Some stroke victims lose the capacity to perceive motion but retain the capacity to perceive shapes and colors. Others lose the capacity to perceive colors but retain the capacity to perceive movement and form. These peculiar visual disabilities best illustrate our normal capacity for:

Back 6

parallel processing.

Front 7

The opponent-process theory is most useful for explaining a characteristic of:

Back 7

afterimages.

Front 8

The way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of:

Back 8

proximity.

Front 9

The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates:

Back 9

perceptual constancy.

Front 10

The Moon illusion refers to our tendency to perceive the Moon as unusually:

Back 10

large when it is near the horizon.

Front 11

Damage to the cochlea's hair cells is most likely to affect our:

Back 11

audition.

Front 12

Dissociation has been used as an explanation for:

Back 12

hypnotic pain relief.

Front 13

Receptor cells for the vestibular sense send messages to the:

Back 13

cerebellum.

Front 14

Holding a heavy rather than a light clipboard leads people to perceive job candidates as more important. This best illustrates:

Back 14

embodied cognition

Front 15

Psychics are unable to make millions of dollars betting on horse races. This undermines their claims to possess the power of:

Back 15

precognition

Front 16

Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-raisng practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Matsuko is a(n) ________ psychologist.

Back 16

developmental

Front 17

An organism's complete set of genetic instructions is called the:

Back 17

genome

Front 18

Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the:

Back 18

placenta

Front 19

When touched on the cheek, infants reflexively:

Back 19

open their mouths

Front 20

Intense and reactive infants become unusually anxious and aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the importance of:

Back 20

temperament.

Front 21

The idea of schemas is important to:

Back 21

Piaget's cognitive development theory.

Front 22

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is turned upside down. The child apparently lacks a:

Back 22

concept of conservation.

Front 23

When a child realizes that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false, the child has developed:

Back 23

a theory of mind.

Front 24

Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side. Adam is displaying signs of

Back 24

secure attachment.

Front 25

I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is typical of a(n) ________ parenting style.

Back 25

authoritarian

Front 26

Obie believes that violating government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.

Back 26

postconventional

Front 27

Songy acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Songy is experiencing

Back 27

role confusion

Front 28

The preferred age for retirement is quite different in Mexico than in Western Europe. This best illustrates that ________ differs from culture to culture.

Back 28

the social clock

Front 29

According to Erikson, older people can most effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of

Back 29

integrity

Front 30

Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of

Back 30

stability and change.

Front 31

Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called:

Back 31

endorphins

Front 32

Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the:

Back 32

synaptic gaps.

Front 33

The vast majority of neurons in the body's information system are:

Back 33

interneurons

Front 34

As needed, the sympathetic nervous system ________ blood sugar levels and ________ the pupils of the eyes.

Back 34

raises; dialates

Front 35

Which of the following chemical messengers is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?

Back 35

norepinephrine

Front 36

Which of the following would be most useful for detecting the brain areas that are most active as a person solves math problems?

Back 36

a PET scan

Front 37

After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. She has probably suffered damage to her:

Back 37

cerebellum

Front 38

The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is the:

Back 38

hypothalamus

Front 39

Which lobes of the cerebral cortex enable people to plan ahead to begin baking a cake for a loved one's birthday?

Back 39

frontal lobes

Front 40

The regions of the parietal lobes that are involved in mathematical and spatial reasoning are known as:

Back 40

association areas

Front 41

If you lose a finger, the somatosensory cortex that received its input will begin to pick up signals from the neighboring fingers. This best illustrates the value of:

Back 41

plasticity.

Front 42

Drivers are slower to detect and respond to other cars if they are also talking on a cell phone. This best illustrates the impact of:

Back 42

selective attention

Front 43

A recurring sleep stage during which most vivid dreams commonly occur is known as ________ sleep.

Back 43

REM

Front 44

Which of the following sleep disorders is most strongly associated with obesity?

Back 44

sleep apnea

Front 45

The distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to ________ theory of dreams.

Back 45

Freud's wish-satisfaction

Front 46

Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective.

Back 46

evolutionary

Front 47

When Leanne heard about experimental evidence that drinking orange juice triggers overactivity in children, she questioned whether the tested children had been randomly assigned to experimental conditions. Leanne's reaction best illustrates:

Back 47

critical thinking.

Front 48

An integrated understanding of the explanations provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other perspectives in psychology is most clearly provided by:

Back 48

a biopsychosocial approach.

Front 49

Debates on the degree to which alcohol abuse is biologically determined or culturally influenced are most relevant to the issue of:

Back 49

nature versus nurture.

Front 50

Dual processing refers to simultaneously processing information on separate ________ tracks.

Back 50

conscious and unconscious

Front 51

After the horror of 9/11, many people said the CIA and FBI should obviously have foreseen the likelihood of this form of terrorism. This perception most clearly illustrates:

Back 51

hindsight bias

Front 52

Stacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults, they will have more difficulty controlling their anger. Stacey's prediction regarding anger management is an example of:

Back 52

hypothesis

Front 53

Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter using?

Back 53

naturalistic observation

Front 54

A negative correlation between people's work-related stress and their marital happiness would indicate that:

Back 54

higher levels of marital happiness are associated with lower levels of work-related stress.

Front 55

Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by drinking soda with caffeine in it?

Back 55

the experiment

Front 56

In drug-treatment studies, double-blind procedures minimize outcome differences between experimental and control conditions that could result from:

Back 56

placebo effects.

Front 57

In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is reduced by sleep loss, alertness would be the:

Back 57

dependent variable.

Front 58

Researchers want to assess whether sense of humor is affected by sexual stimulation. They expose married couples to either sexually stimulating or to sexually nonstimulating movie scenes prior to showing them a comedy skit. In this research, the independent variable was

Back 58

level of sexual stimulation.

Front 59

Ethical principles developed by psychologists urge investigators to:

Back 59

treat information about individual research participants confidentially.